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Clinic Pathology 2 > Ch. 36 Misc. Tests > Flashcards

Ch. 36 Misc. Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Creatine Kinase (CK) primarily produced?

A

in striated muscle cells and to some extent in the brain

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2
Q

CK cannot determine what

A

which muscle is damaged or the severity

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3
Q

Artificial elevations of CK

A

bleach, EDTA, fluoride, exposure to light, or delay in assay

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4
Q

What are Cardiac troponins (CTns)?

A

proteins involved in regulating the initiation of skeletal muscle contraction

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5
Q

Increases in CTn levels indicate _ _ damage, and the level of increase can aid in determining the degree of damage and elapsed time as the damage occurred.

A

cardiac muscle

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6
Q

What is brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

A

a hormone secreted by myocytes that function in maintenance of blood pressure

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7
Q

Elevation of BNP occurs with

A

increased ventricular filling pressure and may aid in the dx of heart failure

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8
Q

Both CTn and BNP are _assays

A

immunoassays

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9
Q

Presence of lactate does not indicate a

A

specific disease

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10
Q

What does high levels of lactate indicate?

A

hypoxia or hypoperfusion

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11
Q

What sample is used to run a lactate

A

plasma, peritoneal fluid, CSF

Compare plasma to peritoneal fluid

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12
Q

What is lactate dehydrogenase (LD)

A

a serum enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate

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13
Q

Almost all tissues have _ but major sources are liver, muscle, and RBCs

A

LD

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14
Q

When stressed, brain triggers the hypothalamus to secrete

A

corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)

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15
Q

_ is the major hormone released in animals

A

cortisol

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16
Q

Brain or pituitary tumors and overuse of glucocorticoids may cause _ cortisol release and _ (Cushing disease)

A

excessive; hyperadrenocorticism

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17
Q

Decrease in cortisol =

A

hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s Disease)

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18
Q

ACTH Stim tests are used in animals with suspected

A

Addison’s or Cushing’s disease

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19
Q

How accurate is a ACTH Stimulation test in cats and dogs

A

Dog- 80%
Cat- 50%

20
Q

Low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDS) confirms or replaces ACTH response test for _

A

hyperadrenocorticism (cushings)

21
Q

High dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDS) goes further than LDDS by

A

differentiating pituitary from adrenal causes

22
Q

Only _ dose dexamethasone suppression test is suitable

A

high

23
Q

What does corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation differentiate between?

A

pituitary dependent and primary hyperadrenocorticism

24
Q

Thyroid hormone influences

A

metabolic rate, growth, and differentiation of all body cells

25
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) triggers release of thyrotropin or _

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

26
Q

TSH enhances thyroid ,,and _ _

A

growth, function, and thyroxine release

27
Q

In house testing performed with immunologic methods for thyroid

A

T4 and free T4

28
Q

Malassimilation is classified by what 2 pathophysiologic process

A

Maldigestive or Malabsorptive

29
Q

What is maldigestion

A

altered gastric secretion and lack of or decrease digestive enzymes

90% of pancreas malfunctioning before symptoms occur

30
Q

What is malabsorption

A

acquired disease of intestinal wall or bacterial overgrowth

31
Q

What is another test of protein-losing gastroenteropathy

A

Fecal occult blood

32
Q

Dramatic signs of GI function

A

Melena- black feces, heavy blood loss
Hematochezia- frank fecal blood

33
Q

Subtle signs of GI function

A

GI ulcers, neoplasia, parasitism

Low-level bleeding may lead to iron deficiency anemia

34
Q

Guaiac impregnated strips respond to

A

dietary hemoglobin and myoglobin (meat free for 3 days before testing)

35
Q

What is d-xylose absorption

A

a five-carbon sugar absorbed in the jejunum and excreted rapidly by the kidneys

36
Q

Both concentrations of Serum folate and cobalamin tend to decrease in

A

malabsorption

37
Q

Folate is absorbe in

A

proximal intestine

38
Q

Cobalamin is absorbed in

A

ileum

39
Q

Synovial fluid mucin forms a clot when added to acetic acid. It reflects the quality and concentration of

A

hyaluronic acid

40
Q

What is the term for lead poisoning

A

plumbism

41
Q

_ is in the following:
paint, ammo, linoleum, car batteries, solder, roofing materials, and petroleum products

A

lead

42
Q

Clinical signs of lead poisoning vary from _ to _

A

GI to CNS

43
Q

What can confirm suspicion of lead poisoning on a blood smear

A

basophilic stippling

44
Q

Nitrate or Nitrite poisoning is done on the

A

plant

45
Q

What tests would be done if suspect anticoagulant and rodenticide ingestion

A

PT, PTT, and ACT

46
Q

Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) is _ or _ in dogs and cats

A

serious or fatal

Clinic Pathology 2 (12 decks)

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