Ch. 36 Misc. Tests Flashcards
Where is Creatine Kinase (CK) primarily produced?
in striated muscle cells and to some extent in the brain
CK cannot determine what
which muscle is damaged or the severity
Artificial elevations of CK
bleach, EDTA, fluoride, exposure to light, or delay in assay
What are Cardiac troponins (CTns)?
proteins involved in regulating the initiation of skeletal muscle contraction
Increases in CTn levels indicate _ _ damage, and the level of increase can aid in determining the degree of damage and elapsed time as the damage occurred.
cardiac muscle
What is brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
a hormone secreted by myocytes that function in maintenance of blood pressure
Elevation of BNP occurs with
increased ventricular filling pressure and may aid in the dx of heart failure
Both CTn and BNP are _assays
immunoassays
Presence of lactate does not indicate a
specific disease
What does high levels of lactate indicate?
hypoxia or hypoperfusion
What sample is used to run a lactate
plasma, peritoneal fluid, CSF
Compare plasma to peritoneal fluid
What is lactate dehydrogenase (LD)
a serum enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate
Almost all tissues have _ but major sources are liver, muscle, and RBCs
LD
When stressed, brain triggers the hypothalamus to secrete
corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)
_ is the major hormone released in animals
cortisol
Brain or pituitary tumors and overuse of glucocorticoids may cause _ cortisol release and _ (Cushing disease)
excessive; hyperadrenocorticism
Decrease in cortisol =
hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s Disease)
ACTH Stim tests are used in animals with suspected
Addison’s or Cushing’s disease
How accurate is a ACTH Stimulation test in cats and dogs
Dog- 80%
Cat- 50%
Low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDS) confirms or replaces ACTH response test for _
hyperadrenocorticism (cushings)
High dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDS) goes further than LDDS by
differentiating pituitary from adrenal causes
Only _ dose dexamethasone suppression test is suitable
high
What does corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation differentiate between?
pituitary dependent and primary hyperadrenocorticism
Thyroid hormone influences
metabolic rate, growth, and differentiation of all body cells
Thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) triggers release of thyrotropin or _
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
TSH enhances thyroid ,,and _ _
growth, function, and thyroxine release
In house testing performed with immunologic methods for thyroid
T4 and free T4
Malassimilation is classified by what 2 pathophysiologic process
Maldigestive or Malabsorptive
What is maldigestion
altered gastric secretion and lack of or decrease digestive enzymes
90% of pancreas malfunctioning before symptoms occur
What is malabsorption
acquired disease of intestinal wall or bacterial overgrowth
What is another test of protein-losing gastroenteropathy
Fecal occult blood
Dramatic signs of GI function
Melena- black feces, heavy blood loss
Hematochezia- frank fecal blood
Subtle signs of GI function
GI ulcers, neoplasia, parasitism
Low-level bleeding may lead to iron deficiency anemia
Guaiac impregnated strips respond to
dietary hemoglobin and myoglobin (meat free for 3 days before testing)
What is d-xylose absorption
a five-carbon sugar absorbed in the jejunum and excreted rapidly by the kidneys
Both concentrations of Serum folate and cobalamin tend to decrease in
malabsorption
Folate is absorbe in
proximal intestine
Cobalamin is absorbed in
ileum
Synovial fluid mucin forms a clot when added to acetic acid. It reflects the quality and concentration of
hyaluronic acid
What is the term for lead poisoning
plumbism
_ is in the following:
paint, ammo, linoleum, car batteries, solder, roofing materials, and petroleum products
lead
Clinical signs of lead poisoning vary from _ to _
GI to CNS
What can confirm suspicion of lead poisoning on a blood smear
basophilic stippling
Nitrate or Nitrite poisoning is done on the
plant
What tests would be done if suspect anticoagulant and rodenticide ingestion
PT, PTT, and ACT
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) is _ or _ in dogs and cats
serious or fatal
