September 2 Flashcards
Protein Structure
1°: Order of amino acids
2°: Folding and binding of polypeptide chain, alpha helix, Beta pleated sheets due to hydrogen bonding
3°: Additional folding and bonding give unique 3-D shape
4°: not all proteins, mutlitple polypeptide chains
Denaturation
Unfolded protein, bonds are broken which leads to unfolding and loss of function
Reversible or irreversible
Due to chemicals, pH, temperature
Gentle: reversible
Harsh: high temperature, irreversible
Protein Functions
- Enzymes
- Structural
- Membrane bound proteins
Cell Structure
Cytoplasmic membrane: under cell wall if present, controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Eukaryotic Cells
DNA (most) enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus
Typically larger than prokaryotes
Contain organelles (sER, rER, golgi, mitochondria, chloroplasts)
Prokaryotic Cells
No nucleus (nucleoid region)
No membrane-bound organelles
Smaller than eukaryotic cells
Viruses
Acellular
Nonliving
No metabolic activity
Use biosynthetic machinery of host cell
Extremely small
Chemoorganotroph
Energy comes from the oxidation of organic molecules
Chemolithotroph
Unique to prokaryotes, energy comes from the oxidation of inorganic molecules
Phototroph
Pigments that harness light energy (more than just chlorophyll)
Oxygenic photosynthesis
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Autotroph
CO2 carbon source
Primary producers
Heterotroph
One or more organic molecules are used as carbon source
Consumers
Proteobacteria
Largest division of bacteria
