Septal Defects Flashcards
Label the image (defects)
Label the image
What does this image demonstrate?
Patent foramen Ovale
Label the PFO vs ASD characteristics
Label the image
Label the image
If you see bubbles in the left heart in the left heart within three beats what does this mean?
Positive for a PFO
What does this image represent?
ASD hepatic veins with volume overload
Name the areas of VSD
Membranous is only visible in A5C
Label the VSD regions
Label the image colours in terms of VSD
Label the Embryonic heart
Label the image
Label the image
What is a septal defect?
A congenital defect in which there is a hole in the wall of the heart that divides the atria (ASD) or ventricles (VSD) of the heart.
What is ASD? 2
- Atria septal defect
- Hole in the IAS
What is VSD? 2
- Ventricular septal defect?
- Hole in the IVS
What is AVSD?2
- Atrioventricular septal defect
- Variety of anomalies to the endocardial cushion
What is another name for AVSD?
AV canal defect
What are the different types of ASD?5
- Ostium primum ASD (15%)
- Ostium Secundum ASD (80%)
- Sinus venosus ASD (5%) (superior and inferior)
- Coronary sinus ASD (1%)
- Patent foramen Ovale PFO (not a true ASD)
ASDs can lead to what? 2
- Tricuspid annular dilatation which leads to Tricuspid regurgitaiton
- RA dilation which leads to arrhythmias (A-fib)
What are ASDs classified according to?
Their location
How often are ASDs detected?
Regularly detected at adult echo labs as an incidental finding
What is the most common ASD?
Secundum ASD
What S/S is Secundum ASD associated with? 2
MV prolapse (MVP) or pulmonary stenosis
What is the occurrence of secundum ASD between men and women?
Women: Men = 3:1
What is the location of Secundum ASDs in 2D?
2D characteristic dropout in the central most portion of the atrial septum (IAS)
What chromosomal disorders is secundum ASD associated with?
T21
What are some Secundum ASD characteristics?4
- Mid septum
- Big hole (>7mm)
- Flow goes straight across IAS
- Lower velocity flow = Less/ no aliasing
What do we assess degree of shunts with?
Assess degree of shunt with QP:QS ratio
What might secundum ASD be confused with?
PFO
What is the treatment for secundum ASD?
Most often closed percutaneously if needed, amplatzer closure is used to close the defect
What is the echo role for treatment of secundum ASD?
To investigate for a residual defect or leak around the percutaneous closure device or septal patch