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DMST 367 Echo 3 > Diseaes Of The Great Vessels > Flashcards

Diseaes Of The Great Vessels Flashcards

1
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A
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2
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3
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What does this image represent?

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Aortic aneurysm

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4
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What does this image represent?

A

Marfan syndrome

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5
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What does this image represent?

A

Sinuses and ascending dilation

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6
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7
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What does this image represent?

A

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm

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8
Q

What does this image represent?

A

S of V aneurysm in colour

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9
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Aortic dissection

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10
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11
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12
Q

What does this image represent?

A

TEE if dissection

The T represents true and the F represents False

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13
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What does this image represent?

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14
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What does this image represent?

A

Aortic intramural hematoma

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15
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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16
Q

What does this image represent?

A

PA and RVOT dilatation

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17
Q

What does dilation mean?

A

Enlarged

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18
Q

What does aortic ectasia mean?2

A
  1. Enlarged, tortuous.
  2. Larger than normal, but not yet aneurysmal
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19
Q

What does aortic aneurysm look like? (Think of how it looks like on U/S) 2

A
  1. Saccular or diffuse
  2. > 150% of normal size
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20
Q

With dilation what happens with the sino-tubular junction?

A

Loss of sino-tubular junction with most types of dilation

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21
Q

What is dilated sino-tubular junction associated with?6 (Disease)

A
  1. Marfan syndrome
  2. Inflammation disease such as
  3. Hypertension
  4. Trauma
  5. Infection
  6. Takayasu arteritis
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22
Q

What inflammatory diseases are associated with Sino-Tubular Dilation?2

A
  1. Rheumatoid arthritis
  2. Ankylosing spondylitis
23
Q

What are some complications of aortic aneurysms?3 (what could happen)

A
  1. Rupture
  2. Dissection
  3. Aortic regurgitation
24
Q

What does a rupture of the aortic aneurysm look like?

A

Wind sock appearance

25
Q

Why do we see aortic regurgitation with aortic aneurysm?

A

Dilated annulus

26
Q

What do we need to determine with aortic aneurysms? 3

A
  1. Size
  2. Site
  3. Severity of AI
27
Q

What kind of disorder is Marfan’s syndrome?

A

Connective tissue disorder

28
Q

What are some physical features of Marfan syndrome? 3

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Ophthalmic
  3. Cardiac
29
Q

How does someone get Marfan syndrome?

A

Inheritied

30
Q

What doe we see in the heart with Marfan syndrome?

A

Dilatation of the root separates the cusps and leads to valve incompetence

31
Q

Where does sinus of valsalva aneurysms arise from?

A

arise in one of the Coronary sinuses

32
Q

How common is sinus of valsalva aneurysms?

A

Rare congenital anomaly

33
Q

What is sinus of valsalva aneurysms associated with?

A

Bicuspid AV, VSD

34
Q

What do we look for with S of V aneurysms with echo? 4

A
  1. Type
  2. Location
  3. Size
  4. Associated abnormalities
35
Q

What is takayasu’s arteritis? 3

A

Disease of arterial scarring resulting in multiple
1. Localized aneurysms/ narrowing’s
2. Post stenotic dilatation
3. Calcification of the aorta and its major branches

36
Q

What are some clinical signs of Takayasu’s Arteritis? (who’s affected) 4

A
  1. Female
  2. 15-30 years
  3. Asian descent
  4. Pulseless upper extremities
37
Q

What are some echo findings of Takayasu’s arteritis? 3

A
  1. Ao/Ao root dilatation
  2. Possible myocarditis
  3. Large vessel stenosis
38
Q

What is a aortic dissection?

A

Intima tears away from the media

39
Q

What is almost always associated with aneurysm?

A

Aortic dissection

40
Q

What is the etiology of aortic dissection? 6

A
  1. Genetic conditions
  2. Bicuspid AV
  3. Hypertension
  4. Atherosclerosis
  5. Pregnancy
  6. Trauma
41
Q

What are some clinical signs of Aortic dissection? 4

A
  1. Dizziness/ syncope
  2. Chest pain
  3. Neck pain
  4. Occlusive arterial signs
42
Q

What are 6 potential complications of aortic dissection? 6

A
  1. Asc Ao dilatation
  2. Acute severe aortic regurgitation
  3. Pericardial effusion
  4. Coronary vessel occlusion + wall motion abnormalities
  5. Distal vessel obstruction
  6. Aortic rupture
43
Q

What do we need to assess for with aortic dissection? 3

A
  1. Flap
  2. Dilated Ao
  3. True and false lumen color flow patterns
44
Q

What are some tips for TTE imaging for Aortic dissection? 4

A
  1. Differentiate artifact from flap
  2. Always scan at a higher interspace than PLAX to see the Asc. Aorta on every patient
  3. Measure diameters perpendicular to the vessel
  4. Assess for coronary artery occlusion (RWMA) when dissection is identified
45
Q

How do we differentiate artifact from the flap with TTE?(In terms of TEE imaging for aortic dissection?) 2

A
  1. Reverb artifact and LT innom vein may both imitate a flap
  2. If you cannot definitively say that the echoes are artifact, than you cannot rule out a dissection
46
Q

What is a Aortic intramural Hematoma?

A

Variant of aortic dissection with a localized collection of blood within the aortic wall

47
Q

10-15% of aortic intramural hematoma progress to what?

A

Frank dissection

48
Q

How does the aortic intramural hematoma usually appear?

A

As a crescent shaped mass within the aortic lumen

49
Q

What is a coarctation of the aorta?

A

A congenital luminal narrowing of the aorta due to a posterior shelf

50
Q

Where is the location of a coarctation of the Aorta?3

A

Aortic isthmus between subcl A and 1st intercostal A
1. Preductal
2. Ductal
3. Post ductal

51
Q

What is PA and RVOT dilatation?

A

Pulmonary artery pathology less common than aortic

52
Q

PA and RVOT dilation may dilate with what? 3

A
  1. Pulmonary hypertension
  2. Pulmonary Stenosis
  3. Congenital
53
Q

What are some non-congenital causes of dilated PA? 3

A
  1. Right sided volume overload, significant LT>RT shunt
  2. Pulmonary hypertension
  3. Idiopathic dilation of the pulmonary artery
54
Q

What are some non-congenital pulmonary hypertension issues that lead to dilated PA? 5

A
  1. COPD
  2. Right heart failure
  3. Left heart failure
  4. Mitral stenosis
  5. Severe mitral regurgitation

DMST 367 Echo 3 (27 decks)

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