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DMST 367 Echo 3 > Diseaes Of The Great Vessels > Flashcards

Diseaes Of The Great Vessels Flashcards

1
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3
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What does this image represent?

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Aortic aneurysm

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4
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Marfan syndrome

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5
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Sinuses and ascending dilation

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6
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7
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Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm

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8
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S of V aneurysm in colour

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9
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What does this image represent?

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Aortic dissection

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12
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What does this image represent?

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TEE if dissection

The T represents true and the F represents False

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13
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14
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What does this image represent?

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Aortic intramural hematoma

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15
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What does this image represent?

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Coarctation of the aorta

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16
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What does this image represent?

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PA and RVOT dilatation

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17
Q

What does dilation mean?

A

Enlarged

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18
Q

What does aortic ectasia mean?2

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  1. Enlarged, tortuous.
  2. Larger than normal, but not yet aneurysmal
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19
Q

What does aortic aneurysm look like? (Think of how it looks like on U/S) 2

A
  1. Saccular or diffuse
  2. > 150% of normal size
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20
Q

With dilation what happens with the sino-tubular junction?

A

Loss of sino-tubular junction with most types of dilation

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21
Q

What is dilated sino-tubular junction associated with?6 (Disease)

A
  1. Marfan syndrome
  2. Inflammation disease such as
  3. Hypertension
  4. Trauma
  5. Infection
  6. Takayasu arteritis
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22
Q

What inflammatory diseases are associated with Sino-Tubular Dilation?2

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  1. Rheumatoid arthritis
  2. Ankylosing spondylitis
23
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What are some complications of aortic aneurysms?3 (what could happen)

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  1. Rupture
  2. Dissection
  3. Aortic regurgitation
24
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What does a rupture of the aortic aneurysm look like?

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Wind sock appearance

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Why do we see aortic regurgitation with aortic aneurysm?
Dilated annulus
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What do we need to determine with aortic aneurysms? 3
1. Size 2. Site 3. Severity of AI
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What kind of disorder is Marfan's syndrome?
Connective tissue disorder
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What are some physical features of Marfan syndrome? 3
1. Skeletal 2. Ophthalmic 3. **Cardiac**
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How does someone get Marfan syndrome?
Inheritied
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What doe we see in the heart with Marfan syndrome?
Dilatation of the root separates the cusps and leads to valve incompetence
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Where does sinus of valsalva aneurysms arise from?
arise in one of the Coronary sinuses
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How common is sinus of valsalva aneurysms?
Rare congenital anomaly
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What is sinus of valsalva aneurysms associated with?
Bicuspid AV, VSD
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What do we look for with S of V aneurysms with echo? 4
1. Type 2. Location 3. Size 4. Associated abnormalities
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What is takayasu's arteritis? 3
Disease of arterial scarring resulting in multiple 1. Localized aneurysms/ narrowing's 2. Post stenotic dilatation 3. Calcification of the aorta and its major branches
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What are some clinical signs of Takayasu's Arteritis? (who's affected) 4
1. Female 2. 15-30 years 3. Asian descent 4. Pulseless upper extremities
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What are some echo findings of Takayasu's arteritis? 3
1. Ao/Ao root dilatation 2. Possible myocarditis 3. Large vessel stenosis
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What is a aortic dissection?
Intima tears away from the media
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What is almost always associated with aneurysm?
Aortic dissection
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What is the etiology of aortic dissection? 6
1. Genetic conditions 2. Bicuspid AV 3. Hypertension 4. Atherosclerosis 5. Pregnancy 6. Trauma
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What are some clinical signs of Aortic dissection? 4
1. Dizziness/ syncope 2. Chest pain 3. Neck pain 4. Occlusive arterial signs
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What are 6 potential complications of aortic dissection? 6
1. Asc Ao dilatation 2. Acute severe aortic regurgitation 3. Pericardial effusion 4. Coronary vessel occlusion + wall motion abnormalities 5. Distal vessel obstruction 6. Aortic rupture
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What do we need to assess for with aortic dissection? 3
1. Flap 2. Dilated Ao 3. True and false lumen color flow patterns
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What are some tips for TTE imaging for Aortic dissection? 4
1. Differentiate artifact from flap 2. Always scan at a higher interspace than PLAX to see the Asc. Aorta on every patient 3. Measure diameters perpendicular to the vessel 4. Assess for coronary artery occlusion (RWMA) when dissection is identified
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How do we differentiate artifact from the flap with TTE?(In terms of TEE imaging for aortic dissection?) 2
1. Reverb artifact and LT innom vein may both imitate a flap 2. If you cannot definitively say that the echoes are artifact, than you cannot rule out a dissection
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What is a Aortic intramural Hematoma?
Variant of aortic dissection with a localized collection of blood within the aortic wall
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10-15% of aortic intramural hematoma progress to what?
Frank dissection
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How does the aortic intramural hematoma usually appear?
As a crescent shaped mass within the aortic lumen
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What is a coarctation of the aorta?
A congenital luminal narrowing of the aorta due to a posterior shelf
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Where is the location of a coarctation of the Aorta?3
Aortic isthmus between subcl A and 1st intercostal A 1. Preductal 2. Ductal 3. Post ductal
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What is PA and RVOT dilatation?
Pulmonary artery pathology less common than aortic
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PA and RVOT dilation may dilate with what? 3
1. Pulmonary hypertension 2. Pulmonary Stenosis 3. Congenital
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What are some non-congenital causes of dilated PA? 3
1. Right sided volume overload, significant LT>RT shunt 2. Pulmonary hypertension 3. Idiopathic dilation of the pulmonary artery
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What are some non-congenital pulmonary hypertension issues that lead to dilated PA? 5
1. COPD 2. Right heart failure 3. Left heart failure 4. Mitral stenosis 5. Severe mitral regurgitation

DMST 367 Echo 3 (27 decks)

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