Hypertension Async Flashcards
What is normal Hypertension?
<120/80
Essential HTN is also known as what?
Primary HTN
What are causes of Primary hypertension? 7
- Hereditary
- High Cholesterol
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Sedentary Lifestyle
- Renal disease
- Coarctation
What are risk factors of Primary HTN? 4
- Older age
- Male > female
- Lifestyle
- Ethnicity (African decent)
What are some lifestyle factors that attribute to Primary HTN? 4
- Stress
- Excessive sodium intake
- Excessive alcohol intake
- Smoking
Hypertension may result in complications to which organs? 5
- Brain
- Heart
- Vascular system
- Eyes
- Kidneys
How can HTN affect the brain? 2
- Dementia
- TIA/ Stroke
How HTN affect the heart? 4
- LVH
- IHD/CAD/ MI
- Arrhythmias
- CHF
What are some ways that HTN affects the vascular system? 3
- Aneurysm
- Dissection
- Atherosclerosis
When pressure increases in the heart, the heart will do what to compensate?
Increase wall thickness
LVH affects the heart in two ways what are they?
- Diastolic dysfunction
- Systolic dysfunction
How does LVH affect Diastolic dysfunction?
Altered muscle cannot relax
How does LVH affect systolic dysfunction?
Cannot maintain adequate blood supply to big heart muscle
HTN frequently leads to what down the line?
CHF
What are some lifestyle modifications that can help assist with HTN? 5
- Exercise
- Control salt intake
- Lipid management
- Smoking cessation
- Stress reduction techniques
What are two ways to manage HTN?
- Iifestyle
- Medication
What is the role of echo in hypertension? 4
- Assess LVH
- Assess LV systolic and diastolic function
- Look for causes of hypertension
- Identify other cardiac anomalies associated with HTN
What are two ways to assess for LVH?
- Wall thickness
- LV mass
How do we assess for Wall thickness for LVH? 2
- 2D or M- Mode
- RWT
How do we assess for LV mass for LVH? 3
- Linear method
- Area/ length
- LV mass index
Fill the chart
Iron deposits
What is a sigmoid septum?
Basal septal focal hypertrophy
In terms of a sigmoid septum, the myocardial disarray is related to what?
Reduced perfusion in the segment, causing thickening
What is the motion of sigmoid septum walls?
Frequently hypokinetic
Is sigmoid septum’s considered LVH?
No
With a sigmoid septum there is an increased risk of what?
Adverse cardiac events
Sigmoid septum’s are seen in which patients? 2
- Diabetics
- Elderly patients
What effects do we see with Sigmoid septum’s? 2
- Subaortic stenosis
- LVOT accel
What does this image represent?
Concentric remodeling and concentric hypertrophy is related to hypertension and eccentric geometry is related to Volume overload
What does this image represent?
Concentric hypertrophy
Structural changes in myocytes with LVH inhibit what?
LV contraction and relaxation
Decreased LV function may lead to what?
CHF
Systolic function is often hyper dynamic with what? What does this lead to?
LVH and may lead to LVOT obstruction
The only cardiac cause of HTN is what?
Coarctation of the aorta
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Congenital narrowing of the descending aorta
Coarctation of the aorta is associated with what?
Dagger shaped doppler profile
What are some pathologies that we assess for in terms of HTN? 5
- MAC
- AV sclerosis
- Dilated ascending aorta
- AI
- Atherosclerosis in the aorta
What does this image represent?
