sept 2022 recall Flashcards
What causes Tc prolongation?
Hypocalcaemia causes Tc prolongation.
What were the other options?
Other options were hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, etc.
What is the correct answer?
Hypocalcaemia is the correct answer.
What is one risk factor for long QTc?
Congenital long Q-T syndrome is a risk factor.
Is being female a risk for prolonged QTc?
Female gender is a risk factor.
Are extremes of age a risk for prolonged QTc?
Extremes of age are a risk factor.
How do electrolytes affect QTc?
Hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, and hypomagnesemia are risks.
Can liver disease cause prolonged QTc?
Liver disease is a risk factor.
Does illicit drug use cause prolonged QTc?
Illicit stimulants are a risk factor.
Do high drug dosages lengthen the Q-T?
High dosages can cause a lengthened Q-T interval.
How does exertion affect QTc?
High physical exertion/agitation is a risk.
Can rapid drug infusion cause prolonged QTc?
Rapid infusion of teratogenic drugs is a risk.
What does a jittery, crying baby suggest?
Maternal heroin or cocaine use is suggested.
What was Sarah’s newborn’s presentation?
Irritable, restless, tremulous, inconsolable crying.
Which substance did the mother most likely use?
Heroin is the most likely substance.
When does heroin withdrawal present in newborns?
Within 24 hours of birth with short-acting opioids.
What are signs of opioid withdrawal in newborns?
Excessive crying, tremors, increased muscle tone/reflexes.
Are withdrawal presentations seen with other drugs?
Similar presentations are seen with other drugs.
Is alcohol/cannabis withdrawal frequent in newborns?
Withdrawal is less frequent with alcohol/cannabis.
What are symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?
Microcephaly, growth retardation, and low weight are symptoms.
What was the baby’s weight?
The baby’s weight was 2kg.
What risk is associated with valproate?
Increased risk of congenital and major malformations.
How many exposed children have malformations?
Up to 11% of exposed children have malformations.
Name some valproate-related malformations.
Cleft lip/palate, neural tube, heart, and radial defects are examples.
Does valproate impact development?
Valproate causes developmental delay.
How does valproate affect speech?
Difficulty with speech/language.
What cognitive issue can valproate cause?
Lower intellectual ability is a risk.
What behavioral issue is linked to valproate?
Autism risk increases with valproate use.
What are clinical features of FASD?
Microcephaly, abnormal features, growth deficits, and intellectual issues are features.
Does FASD cause behavioral problems?
Hyperactivity and sleep problems are behavioral problems.
What neonatal syndrome does stimulant use cause?
Neonatal withdrawal syndrome is associated with stimulant use.
What are symptoms of stimulant withdrawal?
Agitation, vomiting, and tachypnoea are symptoms.
What is the safest antidepressant for breastfeeding?
Sertraline is the safest antidepressant.
What was the other option in the question?
Escitalopram was another option.
Is lithium okay during breastfeeding?
Lithium is contraindicated during breastfeeding.
What should be monitored in infants with lithium exposure?
Serum concentration and blood count.
How much maternal lithium is in breast milk?
40-50% of maternal serum level.
What is the infant’s serum range?
Infant serum level is 5%-200% of maternal level.
Why is serum lithium high in newborns?
Diminished renal clearance raises it.
Are SSRIs and tricyclics generally safe?
Yes, generally safe except doxepin.
Which SSRI has a lower milk/plasma ratio?
Paroxetine has a lower milk/plasma ratio.
Was fluoxetine detected in infants?
No, not detected in infant plasma.
What are the preferred tricyclic antidepressants?
Amitriptyline and Imipramine are preferred.
Do clomipramine and nortriptyline have infant effects?
No adverse effects in infants reported.
Is maternal/milk concentration the same with tricyclics?
Yes, maternal plasma/breast milk is the same.
What can doxepin metabolite cause?
N-desmethyldoxepine may cause severe drowsiness and respiratory depression.
What mood stabilizer should be avoided when breastfeeding?
Lithium should be avoided.
What is an SSRI that is best avoided in nursing mothers?
Paroxetine is best avoided.
What older antidepressant could be used if insisted?
Amitriptyline could be used.
Which is more common, bulimia or anorexia?
Bulimia is more common than anorexia.
Is the prevalence of anorexia & bulimia equal?
No, prevalence is not equal.
How does prevalence vary in developed countries?
There is increased variation.
Is eating disorder diagnosis stable?
No, stability of diagnosis is poor.
What is the prevalence of bulimia?
Bulimia prevalence is around 2%.
What is the prevalence of anorexia?
Anorexia prevalence is around 0.5% to 1%.
Is anorexia more common in lower social classes?
No, anorexia is not excessively represented in lower classes.
Which eating disorder generally starts later?
Bulimia generally starts later than anorexia.
What was once the belief about anorexia and class?
Once thought more common in higher classes.
Can anorexia affect all social classes?
Yes, it can affect all social classes.
What might explain the rise in low/middle-income countries?
Cultural traditions associated with industrialization and urbanization.
What might trigger eating disorders in susceptible people?
Strict dieting and exercise with Western influence.
What validates a test using a prior validated measure?
Concurrent validity validates the test.
What assesses consistency between raters?
Inter-rater reliability assesses consistency.
What is good test re-test reliability?
Signifies internal validity/stable measurements over time.
What does concurrent validity measure?
How well a test correlates with an already validated one.
What is predictive validity?
Testing subjects and comparing results in the future.
What does construct validity measure?
Measures if a scale/test measures the construct.
Is F2 feedback lining up with F1 predictive validity?
Yes, predictive validity.
What type of reliability did the F1 feedback have?
Inter-rater reliability.
How do radiologists’ findings demonstrate reliability?
Inter-rater reliability.
How is a new depression questionnaire assessed?
Concurrent validity.
What treats alcohol withdrawal with liver failure?
Oxazepam is used.
Why was John admitted to the hospital?
Confusion and decompensated liver disease.
What was John’s main diagnosis?
Cirrhosis and alcohol dependence.
What is the usual first choice medication for alcohol withdrawal?
Chlordiazepoxide is the usual first choice.
When do you use lorazepam or oxazepam?
Patients with cirrhosis or advanced liver disease.
Why do you use lorazepam in liver disease?
Shorter half-life and availability IM.
Why is oxazepam preferred in this setting?
No active metabolites, shorter half-life.
When is disulfiram appropriate?
Not appropriate in acute withdrawal.
What is best to prevent delirium tremens with hepatic insufficiency?
Oxazepam is the best choice.
Why use oxazepam with hepatic insufficiency?
Only undergoes phase 2 metabolism.
What is the preferred drug for detoxification in COPD and liver disease?
Oxazepam is the preferred drug.
Why are shorter benzos favored?
Avoid over-sedation with liver disease and COPD.
What are the risks with shorter-acting benzos?
Greater risk of breakthrough seizures and misuse.
Which drug acts on both GABA-A and NMDA receptors?
Ketamine acts on both receptors.
What type of antagonist is ketamine?
NMDA antagonist is the correct answer.
What does ketamine do with glutamate?
It has effects on glutamate.
What does ketamine bind to on NMDA receptors?
Binds to the PCP site of the NMDA receptor.
What does ketamine cause downstream?
Downstream glutamate release and consequent stimulation of other receptors.
What is ketamine approved as?
An anesthetic, and also used in treatment-resistant depression.
What psychotic effects can ketamine have?
Can cause psychosis similar to schizophrenia.
What is a main defense in Borderline according to ICD?
Idealization/devaluation is the main defense.
What does Klein’s depressive position relate to?
Learning to cope with ambivalence.
What are the main defenses in early life?
Projection and introjection are the main defenses.
What is persecutory anxiety?
Fear of attack from the ‘bad mother’.
What is the paranoid schizoid position?
Splitting all aspects into good and bad elements.
What concerns arise as views are integrated?
Concern about harming or destroying the mother.
How is the mother viewed in the depressive position?
Ambivalently as having both positive and negative aspects.
What is an Alzheimer’s finding on CT?
Hippocampal atrophy is an Alzheimer’s finding.
What is a must for causation according to Susser?
Time order is an essential criterion.
What is an essential criterion according to Susser?
Direction is an essential criterion.
What are the three essential elements?
Association, Time order, and Direction.
What can explain the direct attribution between A and B?
Confounders.
What are the five additional elements?
Strength, specificity, consistency, predictive performance, and coherence.
What are the ECG changes with Clozapine-induced tachycardia & high troponin?
Saddle-type elevations, T inversion.
What are the ECG findings in anorexia with diuretics/laxative abuse?
ST segment depression with U waves from hypokalaemia.
What’s the ECG finding with donepezil increased to 10mg and hypotension?
Sinus bradycardia.
What favors schizophrenia over autism?
Near-normal development.
What has been added as a modifier to ASD in DSM-5?
Catatonia.
What is likely in the first case?
This person is likely presenting with Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
What is likely in the second case?
The young man may have Autism.
What is likely in the third case?
The third case may be presenting with mania.
Who are the victims of female homicide with psychosis?
Victims are mostly age <16.
What percent of perpetrators of child homicide with mental illness have a psychotic disorder?
50% of perpetrators have a psychotic disorder.
Who is more likely to kill their children?
Fathers are significantly more likely to kill their children than mothers.
What do you call it when a parent kills a child and commits suicide?
Filicide-suicide.
What age group is associated with the highest risk of female homicide?
30-39.
What kind of cost is sick leave?
Sick leave is an indirect cost.
What is considered as an indirect cost?
Cost of sick absence.
What are indirect costs?
Costs due to loss of productivity.
What kind of cost is the cost of a drug?
Direct cost.
What kind of cost is a reader in PCR?
Direct cost.
What kind of costs are pain and stigma?
Pain and stigma are intangible costs.
What kind of costs are pain and stigma?
Intangible costs.
What are key features of Pick’s Disease?
No insight, decline in cognitive functions.
What dysphasia is associated with FTD?
Primary motor dysphasia.
How do you calculate positive likelihood ratio?
Sensitivity / (1 - specificity).
How do you calculate negative likelihood ratio?
(1 - sensitivity) / specificity.
What is the positive likelihood ratio answer in this context?
Answer is 4.
What visual tool assists in planning activities for autistic children?
Now and then cards.
What is intensive interaction based on?
‘Body-language’ based approach.
What is the purpose of Now and Next cards?
To display planned activities in symbols.
What does Positive behavioral support do?
Develop understanding of challenging behavior.
What should be used when a mother visiting agitates a patient?
Social stories should be used.
What do social stories help understand?
Helps understand situations that are personal to them.
What do social stories often include?
The child is included in the narrative.
How to imitate a child with body signs?
Intensive interaction techniques.
Which gene is involved in early Alzheimer’s in Down Syndrome?
Amyloid is involved.
What risk is increased in DS for developing Alzheimer’s?
Increased family history.
What age do most develop Alzheimer’s pathology?
Almost all adults by the age of 40.
How long before cognitive impairment does pathology develop?
Approximately 15-20 years before cognitive decline.
What gene dosage is necessary in trisomy 21?
An increased dosage of APP (amyloid precursor protein).
What else increases the risk of early decline?
APOE E4 allele.
What should be used in the first trimester mixed state?
Quetiapine.
What should be considered with long periods without relapse?
Switching to a safer drug/withdrawing treatment.
Is any mood stabilizer clearly safe?
No mood stabilizer is clearly safe.
What is recommended instead of a mood stabilizer?
Mood-stabilizing antipsychotics.
What else can be considered in pregnancy?
ECT can be considered in pregnancy.
Why is quetiapine considered safer?
Has a relatively low rate of crossing the placenta.
What antipsychotics are safe in breastfeeding?
Olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone.
What should be done first with TD on flupentixol/procyclidine?
Lower procyclidine.
Which electrolyte disturbance is most worrying in anorexia?
Potassium is the most worrying electrolyte.
What are endocrine changes in anorexia?
Low LH, FSH, oestradiol, T3, and low normal T4.
What endocrine change is there with cortisol?
Mild increase in plasma cortisol.
What endocrine change is there with growth hormone?
Raised growth hormone concentrations.
What type of imbalance occurs with vomiting?
Metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia.
What type of imbalance occurs with laxative misuse?
Metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, hypokalemia.
What happens when there is poor renal blood flow?
Base deficit and acidosis develop rapidly.
When does refeeding syndrome usually occur?
Usually within 4 days of starting feeding.
What electrolyte disorder is seen in refeeding syndrome?
Hypophosphatemia.
What causes refeeding syndrome effects?
Sudden shift from fat to carb metabolism.
Which antidepressant is used for 8-year-olds?
Fluoxetine.
Does lithium increase the risk of cognitive impairment following ECT?
Yes, lithium increases the risk.
Is cognitive impairment more common in males following ECT?
No, not more common in males.
Does unilateral ECT cause more cognitive impairment?
No, not more cognitive impairment.
What does the Royal College of Psychiatrists note about ECT?
Cognitive effects limit the wider use of ECT.
Which ECT is more effective but causes more impairment?
Bilateral ECT is more effective but causes more impairment.
How does right unilateral electrode placement help?
May minimize episodic and autobiographical memory deficits.
What effect does higher dose unilateral ECT have?
Greater efficacy, increased cognitive impairment.
Does continuation ECT have adverse memory outcomes?
No adverse memory outcomes.
What is the risk of ECT with lithium?
12-fold higher odds of delirium than ECT alone.
What element is used in motivational interviewing?
Cognitive dissonance amplification.
What are the key elements of motivational interviewing (DEARS)?
- Developing discrepancy
- Empathy
- Avoid arguments
- Rolling with resistance
- Supporting self-efficacy
What might short stature, freckles, and Lisch nodules indicate?
Neurofibromatosis.
Which antipsychotic is suitable for eGFR <25?
Olanzapine.
Which antipsychotics should be avoided in renal impairment?
- Sulpiride
- Amisulpride
Which agents should be avoided due to anticholinergic effects?
Highly anticholinergic agents like clozapine and chlorpromazine.
What are recommended choices in renal impairment?
- Haloperidol
- Olanzapine
What is the mood stabilizer of choice in hepatic impairment?
Lithium is the mood stabilizer of choice.
What is the second choice for a mood stabilizer in hepatic impairment?
Gabapentin.
What mood stabilizers are contraindicated in severe liver disease?
- Sodium valproate
- Lamotrigine
What type of benzodiazepines to use in liver disease?
Short-acting benzos like lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam.
What is the most common early onset dementia?
Alzheimer’s.
What is the second most common degenerative disease before 64?
Vascular dementia.
What dementia scale is used for non-English speakers?
RUDAS is used.
Why calculate odds instead of RR in case control studies?
No new cases.
What treats visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s?
Rivastigmine.
What should be used for psychotic symptoms in Parkinson’s?
Quetiapine/Clozapine.
What should be used for psychotic symptoms with cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s?
Rivastigmine.
What defects are seen with maternal valproate?
- Cleft palate
- Cardiac
- Developmental delay
What is the strongest factor in repeat sexual offending?
Sexual deviancy and antisocial traits.
What is the most strongly associated with recidivism?
Deviant sexual interests.
What other factor is a strong predictor of recidivism?
Antisocial orientation/lifestyle instability.
Is lack of empathy for the victim a strong predictor of reoffending?
No, lack of empathy for one’s victims is not strongly associated with recidivism.
What is most likely in offenders who demonstrate lack of guilt with sexual deviance?
Most likely to sexually reoffend.
What do offenders who sexually assault strangers show?
Show more general criminal behavior.
Which is most likely to cause physical dependence, alprazolam or methamphetamine?
Alprazolam.
What’s the most likely newborn effect of paroxetine?
Irritability.
What are mild discontinuation symptoms?
- Agitation
- Irritability
Which drugs have a high risk of discontinuation?
- Paroxetine
- Venlafaxine
What are the specific cardiac malformations seen with paroxetine?
Particularly after high-dose, first-trimester exposure.
Which SSRI may increase the risk of pulmonary hypertension?
SSRIs may increase the risk of pulmonary hypertension.
Which SSRI should be considered in pregnant women with depression?
Sertraline (least placental exposure).
What can be used when Aripiprazole didn’t work in a diabetic retinopathy patient?
Amisulpride.
What can be caused by Citalopram and diphenhydramine?
QTc prolongation.
When do uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal symptoms begin?
Starts in 4-12 hours after the last drink.
When do mild alcohol symptoms usually begin?
Within 3-12 hours of the last drink.
When do symptoms peak?
At 24-48 hours.
How long may symptoms last?
Up to 14 days.
When do seizures usually start?
Within 12-18 hours of the last drink.
When does delirium tremens usually start?
3-4 days after the last drink.
What is the mortality rate if untreated?
10-20% if untreated.
What is the cut-off age of ADHD in ICD-11/DSM-5?
12.
What is the first line for dementia with hallucinations?
Risperidone.
What is the first option in dementia with challenging behavior?
Behavioral management.
When is Risperidone used in this setting?
After memantine.
What improvement is Rivastigmine associated with?
Moderate improvement in dementia with Parkinson’s Disease.
What is an unwanted effect of Rivastigmine?
Nausea, tremor.
When is Memantine used?
When there are side effects with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
What is the issue when a patient hears a sound but doesn’t understand it?
Subcortical sensory dysphasia.
What type of speech is jargon dysphasia?
Fluent with no syntax or grammar.
What’s the dysphasia when you can’t repeat but understand everything?
Conduction aphasia.
What is a strength of the meta-analysis on Agomelatine?
Includes unpublished studies.
What is said about Agomelatine’s effectiveness?
Likely an effective antidepressant.
What literature sources can be used for agomelatine meta-analysis?
- Psychinfo
- Google Scholar
- Medline
Which database is used for observational healthcare studies?
MEDLINE.
What does PsychINFO deal with?
Psychology.
What does CINAHL cover?
Nursing and allied mental health.
What does CENTRAL have?
Articles from a wide range of sources, controlled trials.
Where is occupational therapist practice data?
CINAHL.
Where are guidelines on adolescent depression?
NICE.
Where would you find information on treatment of cardiac failure?
Cochrane reviews.
Where would you find the psychoanalytical viewpoint in the 1870s?
PsycINFO.
Where can a recent drug trial be located?
PubMed.
Where can you find information on novel language development research?
SIGLE.
What in a forest plot represents the largest effect size?
Biggest square.
How many studies favor clozapine over conventional?
4.
How many studies show statistically significant benefit of conventional antipsychotics over clozapine?
0.
What is the first step with acute confusion, normal CT/Bloods, no fever?
Urine drug screen.
What is the likely diagnosis with fever, confusion, memory impairment?
Herpes simplex encephalitis.
What are CSF findings in HSE?
- Raised white cells
- Increased protein
- Normal glucose
What type of graph is being described?
Scatter plot.
What does an R of 0.7 indicate on a scatter plot?
Strong positive correlation.
What test is used on a scatter plot?
Pearson’s.
What association does one forest plot indicate between age and disorders?
Older-aged patients have more disorders.
What findings in HSE indicate?
Raised white cells, increased protein, normal glucose
What type of graph is being described?
Scatter plot
What does an R of 0.7 indicate on a scatter plot?
Strong positive correlation
What test is used on a scatter plot?
Pearson’s
What association does one forest plot indicate between age and disorders?
Older-aged patients have more mental health disorders
Which relatives are more likely to have a creative profession?
Parents
What substance acts as a full agonist, causing paranoia?
Synthetic cannabinoid
What receptors are associated with anandamide?
Cannabis
What is the endogenous agonist at the cannabinoid receptor?
Anandamide
How is cannabis usage?
From infrequent to heavy daily usage
How many psychoactive cannabinoids are there?
At least 60
What is the most important cannabinoid?
THC
What are the two types of cannabinoid receptors?
- Central (CB1) * Peripheral (CB2)
What does anandamide do?
Lowers pressure, decreases activity, relieves pain
How are patients grouped by ages 35-50, 50-60?
Ordinal data is used for age groups
What type of data is risk assessment (done or not)?
Dichotomous data is used for risk assessment
What type of data are unordered categories, like birthplace?
Nominal data has unordered categories
What data has ordered categories, like heart failure classes?
Ordinal data has ordered categories
What type of data is limited to whole numbers, like asthma attacks?
Discrete data has limited whole number values
What data can take any value within a range, like weight?
Continuous data can take any value within a range
What data has two values, such as gender?
Binomial data has two possible values
What type of measurement has meaningful differences between values (e.g., temperature)?
Interval measurement has meaningful differences
What measurement has meaningful ratios and a non-arbitrary zero (e.g., weight)?
Ratio measurement has meaningful ratios
What test compares categorical data (ECT, stroke presence)?
Chi-square is used for categorical data comparison
When using a t-test, if data is less than 5, what test can be used?
Fisher’s test may be used
What distribution has values equally dispersed around the mean?
Parametric distributions have values dispersed equally around the mean
What distribution has skewed data?
Non-parametric data is skewed
What is the square root of the variance?
Standard deviation is the square root of variance
What measures how close the sample mean is to the population mean?
Standard error of the mean measures sample mean proximity
What is needed to ensure equal sizes for study groups?
Block randomization ensures equal study group sizes
What is a researcher doing when dividing groups by age?
Stratification divides groups based on age
What is placing the next patient in the smaller group?
Minimization places the next patient in the smaller group
What correlation coefficient indicates a strong correlation?
An r-value of -1 indicates a strong correlation
What statistical approach includes all patients, even dropouts, in an RCT analysis?
ITT (Intention-to-Treat) includes all patients
What medication should be given to a patient who is hypotensive and bradycardic?
Naloxone should be administered
What is dangerous driving most commonly linked to?
Dementia is most common with dangerous driving
What diagnosis is linked to dangerous driving as stated by the DVLA?
Vascular dementia is linked to dangerous driving
What offense is common in people with intellectual disabilities?
Sexual offenses are common in intellectual disability
What crime is least associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
Shoplifting is rarely associated with OCD
What crime is most common in those with drug dependence, per NTORS?
Shoplifting is the most common crime with drug dependence
What syndrome features a very noisy child, severe LD, and hypertelorism?
Cri du chat syndrome features these symptoms
What gene is associated with Rett syndrome?
MECP2 gene is linked with Rett syndrome
What test doesn’t require a normal distribution?
Mann-Whitney U test doesn’t need normal distribution
What DBT pre-treatment stage addresses self-harm?
Pre-treatment stage addresses therapeutic commitment
What drug lowers ECT dose?
Clozapine may lower ECT dose
What is the suicide risk one year post self-harm?
Suicide risk is 1/100 one year after self-harm
What comorbidity is most common in children with OCD?
Depression is the most common comorbidity in OCD
What is the most common comorbidity with GAD?
Major depressive disorder is often comorbid with GAD
What comorbidity is common in children?
Depression is a common comorbid condition in children
What’s the most common comorbidity of OCD in adults?
Major depression is the most common comorbidity with OCD in adults
What is diagnostic overshadowing in LD?
Attributing mental health issues to existing LD is diagnostic overshadowing
What intoxicant is linked with laughing, giggling, relaxed mood?
Cannabis often causes these symptoms
What drug causes increased energy and decreased sleep?
Cocaine is a short-acting full agonist
What to do for relapsed depression after olanzapine stopped?
Restart olanzapine
What is a patient on Selegiline with dementia most likely to have?
Likely Parkinson’s dementia from selegiline use
Patient with memory loss, high BP, infarcts on MRI indicates?
Binswanger’s disease is indicated
What important thing is missing after re-audit?
Implementation of change is missing
Man with speech/gait issues, nystagmus, family history of MI death likely has?
Friedreich’s ataxia is likely
What is the most common number in a data set?
The mode is the most frequent number
Infanticide is most common in which mental health condition?
Psychosis is most common
What to use to avoid bias in a case-control study?
Case-control studies can explore multiple risk factors
What study uses money incentives to encourage medication compliance?
A randomized controlled trial (RCT)
What randomization method is used for GP surgeries?
Cluster randomization
What is a research study of prevalence at a specific point?
A cross-sectional study
Anorexia diagnosis in children; what’s first-line treatment?
Family therapy is first-line treatment
What cognitive distortion is represented by ‘I knew he had bad intentions’?
Mind reading is the cognitive distortion
What cognitive distortion is represented by ‘He only said it because he corrected the slide’?
Discounting the positives/Selective abstraction is the distortion
What cognitive distortion is represented by ‘I had a nice meal so I will be obese’?
Overgeneralizing is the distortion
What cognitive distortion is represented by ‘An A doesn’t mean I’m intelligent’?
Minimization is the cognitive distortion
When differentiating MCI and dementia, what is useful to assess?
Collateral info on daily functioning is useful
What is most likely to occur after a traumatic brain injury?
Depression is most common after a traumatic brain injury
What is a risk factor for Autism?
A low APGAR score is a risk factor for autism
What does a negative test not having a disease indicate?
Negative Predictive Value
What is a suitable treatment for mild depression in children?
Digital CBT
What is necessary for testamentary capacity?
Knowing property value is needed for testamentary capacity
Parkinson’s patient has low mood, what’s the first step?
Blood tests to rule out organic cause
What is a risk factor for body dysmorphic disorder?
Risk of self-harm and suicide
What is a major risk factor for ADHD in children?
Maternal smoking
Which is the strongest risk factor for autism?
Genetic loading
What tools assess study quality in systematic reviews?
CASP tools assess the quality of studies
What does interpersonal therapy focus on in depression?
Interpersonal therapy focuses on grief and loss
Which is most common in autism, comorbid social anxiety?
More severe ASD is associated with more anxiety
What indicates factitious disorder?
Good knowledge of disease symptomatology
What’s the most common drug linked to motivational syndrome?
Cannabis is often linked to this syndrome
What is the first step when Clozapine is not working?
Check clozapine compliance first
What antipsychotic for first-episode psychosis with heart problems?
Aripiprazole is a good option
What’s the best universal prevention for alcohol dependence?
Education and increased prices for alcohol
What benefit-cost ratio indicates higher benefit?
Men had higher benefit in the study
What is a poor prognostic factor for FEP?
Long duration of untreated psychosis
What does the recovery model focus on?
Assessing a patient’s strengths
What is the correct response to a new drug lowering mortality, not remission?
Prevalence increases
What is the best test when comparing ECT and TMS?
ECT is more effective than rTMS
What is the remission rate of ECT in resistant depression?
Remission rate is 60-80%
A test is negative, but the patient has the disease, what is this called?
This is a false negative test
