Separating Substances Flashcards

1
Q

What does filtration separate?

A

An insoluble solute and a solvent

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2
Q

What does crystallisation separate?

A

A soluble solute from a solvent

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3
Q

What does simple distillation separate?

A

A soluble solute and a solvent
OR
Two liquids

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4
Q

What does paper chromatography separate?

A

A mixture of soluble substances

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5
Q

How would you calculate an Rf value?

A

Distance moved by solute (ink)
——————————————
Distance moved by solvent

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6
Q

In paper chromatography, what is the stationary phase?

A

The chromatography paper

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7
Q

In paper chromatography, what is the mobile phase?

A

The solvent

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8
Q

In paper chromatography what does it mean if a spot stays on the pencil line?

A

The substance is insoluble in that solvent

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9
Q

Why is a pencil used to draw the line in paper chromatography?

A

Because graphite is insoluble

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10
Q

In paper chromatography what would you change if a spot stays on the pencil line?

A

The solvent

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11
Q

In paper chromatography, how would you increase the accuracy of the Rf value?

A

Use a longer piece of paper

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12
Q

What are the 3 stages of making water potable?

A
  • Sedimentation
  • Filtration
  • Chlorination
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13
Q

Describe simple distillation

A
  • The solution is heated until it boils (it should have anti bumping granules in)
  • The solvent vapour evaporates and travels up and along to the condenser
  • When the vapour reaches the cold glass it condenses as a distillate
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14
Q

Describe crystallisation

A
  • The solution is heated to evaporate the solvent
  • Cool and filter the liquid
  • The solute is then left and crystals are formed
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