Bonding Flashcards
What is an ionic bond?
An electrostatic force holding oppositely charged atoms together, between at least one metal and non metal (unless involving hydrogen)
What is transferred in an ionic bond?
Electrons
What is the result of an ionic bond in terms of electrons?
Atoms having full outer shells of electrons
Do ions have high or low melting and boiling points? Why?
High melting points because they have strong electrostatic bonds that require lots of energy to break
What are intermolecular forces?
The forces holding separate atoms, compounds or molecules together
What are intramolecular forces?
The forces holding atoms that make up a molecule or compound together
What are ionic, covalent and metallic bonds examples of?
Intermolecular bonds
When can ions conduct electricity? Why?
Ions only conduct electricity when they are not solid, since the ions can move more.
Are ionic compounds soluble in water?
Yes
What is a covalent bond?
The electrostatic force between a positive nucleus and a bonding pair of electrons
What is the valence shell?
The outer shell
What happens to electrons in a covalent bond?
They are shared between atoms to form full outer shells
Do simple covalent compounds have high or low melting and boiling points? Why?
Low melting points because they have weak intermolecular forces that require little energy to break
Do covalent compounds dissolve in water?
No
What is diamond made from?
Carbon
What is graphite made from?
Carbon
What is buckminsterfullerene made from?
Carbon
Do diamonds conduct electricity? Why?
No since it has no delocalised electrons
Does graphite conduct electricity? Why?
Yes, since it has delocalised (free) electrons
Does buckminsterfullerene conduct electricity? Why?
Yes, since it has delocalised (free) electrons
Do diamonds have high or low melting and boiling points? Why?
High, since it has strong covalent bonds which require lots of energy to break
Describe the structure of a diamond
Tetrahedral structure
How is graphite arranged?
In layers
How many other atoms does each atom bond to in graphite?
3
How many other atoms does each atom bond to in diamonds?
4
Does graphite have high or low melting and boiling points? Why?
High, since it has strong covalent bonds which require lots of energy to break
Does buckminsterfullerene have high or low melting and boiling points? Why?
Low, since it has weak covalent bonds which require little energy to break compared to other giant covalent structures, but high compared to other compounds
Are diamonds hard or soft?
Very hard
Is graphite hard of soft?
Soft
Is buckminsterfullerene hard or soft?
Very hard
Diamond, graphite and buckminsterfullerene are examples of…
Giant covalent compounds
Name some properties of metals
- Sonorous
- Shiny
- Dense
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- Malleable
- Hard
What is a metallic bond?
The electrostatic force between positive metal ions and their delocalised electrons
In metallic bonding, how are metal ions arranged?
In layers that can slide over each other
Which of these metal chlorides are insoluble in water?
A) copper chloride
B) lead chloride
C) magnesium chloride
D) potassium chloride
B) lead chloride
Do metallic compounds have high or low melting and boiling points? Why?
High melting points because they have strong electrostatic bonds that require lots of energy to break
What is the total number of atoms in Al(NO3)3
13
Do simple covalent compounds conduct electricity? Why?
No, because they have nothing to carry an electrical charge
Name 3 giant covalent compounds
- Diamond
- Graphite
- Buckminsterfullerine
What are diamonds, graphite and buckminsterfullerene examples of?
Giant covalent compounds
What ions do group 1 elements form?
+1
What ions do group 2 elements form?
+2
What ions do group 0 elements form?
They do not form ions
What ions do group 7 elements form?
-1
What ions do group 6 elements form?
-2
Name the 7 diatomic elements
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Fluorine
- Bromine
- Iodine
- Chlorine
How are electrons arranged in a metallic bond?
A sea of electrons surrounding the positive metal ions
Do metallic compounds conduct electricity? Why?
Yes, since it has delocalised electrons
Are covalent compounds soluble in water?
No
Are metallic compounds soluble in water?
No
What structure to all ionic compounds form?
A giant ionic lattice
What structure do all metallic compounds form?
Giant metallic lattices
