Groups Of The Periodic Table Flashcards
What physical properties do the group 1 alkali metals have?
- Soft
- Low melting and boiling points
- Low density
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- Shiny (when unreacted)
As you go down group 1 the reactivity _________
Increases
Which other group of the periodic table reacts easily with group 1?
Group 7
Which other group of the periodic table reacts easily with group 7?
Group 1
Group 1 metals have _ electron(s) in their outer shells
1
Describe the reactivity of group 1 metals
Highly reactive, therefore found as metal ores
Alkali metal + water ——> ???
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Lithium + water ——> ???
Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
Why are group 1 metals more reactive as you go down the periodic table?
As you go down the group, the distance between the nucleus and the single electron increases, so there are weaker electrostatic forces so it is easier to lose that one electron
As you go down group 1 the melting points ________
Decrease
Why do the melting points of group 1 metals decrease as you go down the group?
There are weaker electrostatic forces so less energy is required to break the bonds
What are the group 1 elements known as?
The alkali metals
What are the group 7 elements known as?
Halogens
What state is fluorine at room temperature?
Gas
What state is chlorine at room temperature?
Gas
What state is bromine at room temperature?
Liquid
What state is iodine at room temperature?
Solid
What colour is fluorine at room temperature?
Green
What colour is chlorine at room temperature?
Yellow
What colour is bromine at room temperature?
Brown/orange
What colour is iodine at room temperature?
Grey-black
All halogens are ________ and are connected by ________ bonds
Diatomic, covalent
Why are group 7 elements more reactive as you go up the periodic table?
The outer electron is getting closer to the nucleus so forces of attraction are higher, so it is easier to gain an electron
As you go down group 7 reactivity _________
Decreases
As you go down group 7 the melting and boiling points ________
Increase
Why do the melting and boiling points increase as you go down group 7?
As you go down group 7 the molecules become larger so there are stronger intermolecular forces, that require more energy to break
All halogens are _____
Toxic
Halogen + alkali metal ——> ???
Metal halide
Lithium + chlorine ——> ???
Lithium chloride
Halogen + hydrogen ——> ???
Hydrogen halide
Hydrogen + bromine ——> ???
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen halide + water ——> ???
Acid
Hydrogen chloride + water ——> ???
Hydrochloric acid
Sodium iodide + chlorine ——> ???
Sodium chloride + iodine
Lithium fluoride + chlorine ——> ???
No reaction
What are elements in group 0 known as?
The Noble Gasses
Describe the reactivity of group 0 elements
Highly unreactive
What are group 0 elements so unreactive?
They have full valence shells of electrons
What state are group 0 elements at room temperature?
Gasses
In group 0 elements melting and boiling points ________ going down the group
Increase
In group 0 elements, density ________ going down the group
Increases
Why do density, melting and boiling points increase going down group 0?
The elements have larger atoms so stronger intermolecular forces that require more energy to break
Name 4 chemical properties of noble gases
- Odourless
- Colourless
- Non-flammable
- Extreme unreactive
What is another name for the noble gasses?
The Inert Gasses
What does inert mean?
Extremely unreactive
Write a balanced equation for when chlorine reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen chloride
H2+Cl2 ——> 2HCl
