Metals Flashcards
Where can you find metals on the periodic table?
On the left side
For metals, reactivity increases as you go ____ the table
Down
Do metals have high or low melting and boiling points?
High
What are the properties of metals?
- Dense
- Shiny
- Malleable
- Ductile
- Sonorous
- High melting and boiling points
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
What processes can be used to extract metal ores?
Displacement or electrolysis
Metals higher in the reactivity series than hydrogen are found as _____ _____
Metal ores
Metals lower in the reactivity series than hydrogen are found __________ ____
Chemically pure
Metal + water ——> ???
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Why is metal extraction needed?
To obtain a pure metal from a metal ore
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal in a compound
What is reduction?
The gain of electrons, loss of oxygen or gain or hydrogen
What is the most used metal for displacement?
Iron
What is the chemical formula for iron oxide?
Fe2O3
Iron oxide + carbon ——> ???
Iron + carbon dioxide
What is the name of the process if a compound loses oxygen?
Reduction
What are the negatives of displacement with carbon?
- Requires heat energy to work (the energy would probably be from fossil fuels)
- Produces carbon dioxide as a by-product
What are the negatives of electrolysis?
- It uses electricity (probably from fossil fuels)
- Requires the metal ore to be melted (high temperatures needed)
- Expensive
What are the negatives of phytomining?
- Slow
- Takes up lots of land
What is corrosion?
When oxygen reacts with a metal to form a metal oxide
What is an alloy?
A mixture of two or more elements, where at least one element is a metal
What could an alloy be made to do?
- Not susceptible to corrosion
- Harder
- Stronger
Why do we have alloys?
To change metals to make their properties more beneficial
Explain how an alloy is stronger than a pure metal
Pure metals are arranged in layers that can easily slide over each other, which is why they are soft. In alloys there are atoms of different sizes so a much greater force is required to move those layers, meaning it is stronger.
What is steel made from?
Typically iron and carbon
What is bronze made from?
Typically copper and tin
What is brass made from?
Typically copper and zinc
What is pewter made from?
Typically mostly tin as well as copper and silver
What is a life cycle assessment?
An analysis of a manufactured product on the environment
The reaction for the extraction of aluminium ore involves:
a) heating with carbon
b) thermal decomposition
c) reduction
d) neutralisation
C) reduction
Describe the changes you would see in this resection:
Magnesium + copper sulphate ——> copper + magnesium sulphate
- Magnesium would disappear
- A red/brown solid is formed
- the solution would change from blue to colourless
Describe the process of phytomining
- Plants are planted and the metal compound (usually in liquid form) is also put in the ground
- The plants absorb the metals in the roots
- The plants are burnt and there is pure metal in the plant ash
What is oxidation?
The loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen
