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GCSE Chemistry > Acids > Flashcards

Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the colour of methyl orange in an acid?

A

Red

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2
Q

What is the colour of methyl orange in a neutral solution?

A

Orange

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3
Q

What is the colour of methyl orange in an alkali?

A

Yellow

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4
Q

What is the colour of universal indicator in an acid?

A

Red - strong acid
Orange
Yellow -weak acid

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5
Q

What is the colour of universal indicator in a neutral solution?

A

Green

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6
Q

What is the colour of universal indicator in an alkali?

A

Blue - weak alkali
Purple - strong alkali

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7
Q

What is the colour of phenolphthalein in acid?

A

Colourless

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8
Q

What is the colour of phenolphthalein in a neutral solution?

A

Colourless

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9
Q

What is the colour of phenolphthalein in an alkali?

A

Pink

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10
Q

What is the colour of red litmus paper in acid?

A

Red

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11
Q

What is the colour of red litmus paper in a neutral solution?

A

Red

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12
Q

What is the colour of red litmus paper in an alkali?

A

Blue

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13
Q

What is the colour of blue litmus paper in acids?

A

Red

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14
Q

What is the colour of blue litmus paper in a neutral solution?

A

Blue

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15
Q

What is the colour of blue litmus paper in an alkali?

A

Blue

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16
Q

What is the hydrochloric acid formula

A

HCl

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17
Q

What is the sulphuric acid formula?

A

H2SO4

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18
Q

What is the nitric acid formula?

A

HNO3

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19
Q

What is the potassium hydroxide formula?

A

KOH

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20
Q

What is the lithium hydroxide formula?

A

LiOH

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21
Q

Describe a neutralisation reaction

A

When the right amount of acid and the right amount of alkali is added together to make a neutral solution

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22
Q

What is the general formula for a neutralisation reaction?

A

Acid + alkali ——> water + salt

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23
Q

What do all acids contain?

A

Positive hydrogen ions (H+ ions)

24
Q

The stronger the acid, the more __ ____ it has.

A

H+ ions

25
Q

What do all alkalis contain?

A

Negative hydroxide ions (OH- ions)

26
Q

The stronger the alkali is, the more ___ ____ it has.

A

OH- ions

27
Q

What is the ionic equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

H+ + OH- ——> H2O

28
Q

What salts do hydrochloric acid produce?

A

Metal chlorides

29
Q

What salts do sulphuric acids produce?

A

Metal sulphates

30
Q

What salts do nitric acid produce?

A

Metal nitrates

31
Q

Sulphuric acid + lithium hydroxide ——> ???

A

Sulphuric acid + lithium hydroxide ——> lithium sulphate + water

32
Q

Nitric acid + sodium hydroxide ——> ???

A

Nitric acid + sodium hydroxide ——> sodium nitrate + water

33
Q

Hydrochloric acid + aluminium hydroxide ——> ???

A

Hydrochloric acid + aluminium hydroxide ——> aluminium chloride + water

34
Q

What is a concentrated acid?

A

An acid with a high proportion of acid molecules in it

35
Q

What is a dilute acid?

A

An acid with a low proportion of acid molecules in it

36
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid that completely ionises (dissociates) in water, this means they separate into ions

37
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid that only partially ionises (dissociates) in water, this means that some of the acid separates into ions and some stay as the acid

38
Q

Give an example of a strong acid dissociating

A

HCl ——> H+Cl-

39
Q

Magnesium + oxygen ——> ???

A

Magnesium oxide

40
Q

Silver + sulphur ——> ???

A

Silver sulphide

41
Q

Tin + oxygen ——> ???

A

Tin oxide

42
Q

Nickel + sulphur + oxygen ——> ???

A

Nickel sulphate

43
Q

Potassium + nitrogen + oxygen ——>???

A

Potassium nitrate

44
Q

What is the overall charge of a compound?

A

0

45
Q

Acid + metal ——> ???

A

Salt + hydrogen

46
Q

Acid + metal oxide ——> ???

A

Salt + water

47
Q

Acid + metal hydroxide ——> ???

A

Salt + water

48
Q

Acid + metal carbonate ——> ???

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

49
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

If a limewater solution goes cloudy when gas is put in, then carbon dioxide is present

(Could also use lit splint and if it goes out in the gas then carbon dioxide could be present, but other gasses would also do the same)

50
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

Oxygen will always relight a glowing splint

51
Q

Describe titration

A
  • Measure out the alkali using a pipette, put it into a conical flask with a few drops of an indicator eg. Phenolphthalein
  • Place the conical flask on top of a white tile, to make it easy to see the colour change
  • Fill a burette with acid, using a funnel, then remove the funnel and record your starting volume of acid.
52
Q

Describe the concentration of H+ ions in an acid as it becomes more acidic

A

Increases

53
Q

Describe the concentration of H+ ions in an acid as it becomes more alkali

A

Decreases

54
Q

What is a cation?

A

An ion that is positively charged

55
Q

What is an anion?

A

An ion that is negatively charged

56
Q

What is the formula for magnesium sulphate?

A

MgSO4

57
Q

What is the formula for sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

GCSE Chemistry (16 decks)

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