SEP Flashcards
To know your SEPs
What are the 9 classes of dangerous goods?
Class 1: Explosives
Class 2: Gases
Class 3: Flammable liquids
Class 4: Flammable solids
Class 5: Oxidiser and organic peroxides
Class 6: Toxic and infectious
Class 7: Radioactive
Class 8: Corrosive
Class 9: Miscellaneous
Every Girl/guy Fancies First Officers That Ryanair Can Master
What is a UN number?
The serial number to the article under the United Nations Classification System
The law which governs the carriage of dangerous goods by air, is laid down by
ICAO in Annex 18
IATA made a easy to use manual “Dangerous Goods Regulations”
What does ERG stand for?
Emergency
Response
Guidance
What is a NOTOC?
Notification to the captain
Can these dangerous goods be transported by air? Yes/No?
UN 2465
Metal catalyst, dry (PG1)
UN 1642 (desensitised)
Dichlorophenyltrichlososilane
UN 2465: On limited quantity YES / On Passenger A/C YES / on cargo A/C YES
Metal catalyst, dry (PG1): On limited quantity NO / On Passenger A/C NO / on cargo A/C NO
UN 1642 (desensitised): On limited quantity YES / On Passenger A/C YES / on cargo A/C YES
Dichlorophenyltrichlososilane: On limited quantity NO / On Passenger A/C NO / on cargo A/C YES
What is the packaging group of
UN 1639
Mesityloxide
UN 1916
Dichloroisopropylether
UN 1639: 2
Mesityloxide: 3
UN 1916: 2
Dichloroisopropylether: 2
What is the ERG code for:
UN 1638
Insecticide gas, flammable, n.o.s
UN 2188
Dichlorofluoromethane
UN 1638: 6L
Insecticide gas, flammable, n.o.s: 10L
UN 2188: 10P
Dichlorofluoromethane: 2L
Which labels should be display on the package of these dangerous goods?
Dichlorodiethylether
UN 2047
UN 3506
Mercurythiocyanate
Dichlorodiethyl ether: Toxic & Flammable liquid
UN 2047: Flammable liquid
UN 3506: Corrosive and toxic
Mercurythiocyanate: Toxic
Can a passenger bring the following items into the cabin? Yes/ No and explain why?
Non-infectious specimens
Two avalanche rescue packs by 1 person
1 spare lithium ion battery
Safety matches
Non-infectious specimens: YES, packed with small quantities or flammable liquid, must meet A130 (DGR2.3.5.14).
Two avalanche rescue packs by 1 person: NO, max 1 per person.
1 spare lithium ion battery: YES, Must be carried in carry-on baggage only. Not exceeding 160Wh. Approval by operator required if carrying over 20 spare batteries.
Safety matches: YES, only a small packet
What is the packaging instruction I have to refer to, if I want to carry these dangerous goods (in one package)?
Specify for Liquid Qty, Pax A/C and Cargo A/C:
10 kg of UN 1029
1 kg of Dichlorophenyl isocyanates
1.5 kg of UN 1644
1 kg of Metal carbonyls, solid, n.o.s PG1
25 kg of UN 3506
10 kg of UN 1029: Ltd qty Forbidden, Pax A/C 200, Cargo A/C 200
1 kg of Dichlorophenyl isocyanates: Ltd qty Y644, Pax A/C 669, Cargo A/C 676
1.5 kg of UN 1644: Ltd qty Forbidden, Pax A/C 669, Cargo A/C 676
1 kg of Metal carbonyls, solid, n.o.s PG1: Ltd qty Forbidden, Pax A/C 666, Cargo A/C 673
25 kg of UN 3506: Ltd qty Forbidden, Pax A/C 869, Cargo A/C 869
In relation to the carriage of dangerous goods, select the correct statement:
Ryanair has a full endorsement on its AOC (Air Operating Certificate) to carry dangerous goods.
Bare in mind: RYR only transports their own dangerous goods such as aircraft parts.
What information must be included in the notification to Captain (NOTOC) paperwork?
The proper shipping name and the UN no.
Where is the emergency response guidance (Red Book) located in the aircraft?
Flight Deck (Navigation Bag)
Any Ryanair goods (to be carrier on the aircraft) that are not dangerous will be accompanied by?
Consignment Note
What is the minimum number of Cabin Crew members required to operate on board our aircraft when passengers are carried?
4, one cabin crew member per 50 passenger seats or fraction of
What is the limit on total block times for each Crew member per calendar year ( 1st april to 31 st march?)
900 block hours in calendar year
How does the ELS work electrically?
When the switch in the F/D is flicked from ARMED to ON The Emergency lighting system operates in 3 ways:
- Automatically: the system will illuminate automatically once aircraft power is lost
- Electrically: The system is controlled by a switch in the flight deck (OFF, ARMED, ON). This switch is placed in the ARMED position by the flights crew prior to departure. When the switch is flicked from ARMED to ON, the lights will operate.
- Manually: Can be activated by the CC manually by use the EMERGENCY LIGHT SYSTEM ELS switch, which is situated on the rear CSA panel. The no 2 is responsible for the ELS operation e.g. time available emergency
Where is the ELS switch in the cabin?
AFT CSA panel
If the Flight Crew press the attendant button on the overhead panel:
A pink light will illuminate in the master call panel.
What are the PDI’s on the flight deck door?
- No.1: check that the Emergency access code unlocks the door
- Flight crew: check that the “deny” feature is operational
- Note: No.1 must notify all CC of the emergency access code.
Every crew member needs to know the password and the location of the key.
OPERATION
The flight deck door may be electrically locked from the inside the flight deck. When electrical power is lost, the door unlocks.
NORMAL FLIGHT DECK ACCESS
Before the first flight, a password should be agreed on between the captain and the N1. This password must be communicated to the rest of the aircrew. The N1 enters the flight deck, places the “kill switch” in the NORM position and locks the flight deck door immediately prior to closing the L1 door. Once the kill switch has been engaged, the door cannot be opened from the cabin. The flight crew will formally confirm that the flight deck door has been locked during their “BEFORE TAKE OFF CHECKLIST”. All communications between the cabin and the flight deck after this time will be via interphone. Should the N1 need to gain entry to the flight deck during the flight, the password must be given. The door must not be opened if the password is incorrect. The flight deck door will not be unlocked until the AC has parked and L1 door has been opened.
OPENING THE FLIGHT DECK DOOR DURING NON NORMAL PROCEDURES
The “No. 1 to the flight deck” call will be answered by the N 1 via interphone. The door may be unlocked to allow the NITS briefing. This is captain decision.
FLIGHT DECK EMERGENCY ACCESS PANEL
- Red light: indicates that door is locked
- Amber light: indicates that correct code has been inserted
- Green light: flight deck door is unlocked
The following procedure applies:
- Attempt to contact the flight deck via interphone
- If no response, the N0.1 will enter 5 digit code and press ENT (amber light will illuminate)
- If the correct code is entered the flight crew will be alerted (chime in the flight deck)
- If the flight deck will deny access, door will be locked for 2 min and will establish comms via interphone.
- If the flight crew does not deny access the door will unlock after 30 sec (green light) and will remain unlocked for 5 sec. If cabin crew do not open door at that time, the door will be blocked for 5 mins.
When the correct emergency access code is entered on the emergency access panel
The amber light illuminates for 30 sec.
If Flight crew does not DENY then green light for 5 seconds and the door unlocks for the same time.
Which are the service doors in the B737 800?
R1, R2
How do you open the main doors from inside?
Rotate the operating handle on the door up and towards the rear of the aircraft. Grasp the door assist handle and push the door out and towards the front of the aircraft. Ensure gust lock engags.
What are the two ways the escape slides work?
Automatically - once the door is fully open with an armed slide; and
Manually - by pulling from the red manual inflation handle.
When do you use an apron slide?
If a slide inflates and then deflates
How do you open the flight deck windows?
Squeeze the lock release in the handle. Rotate the handle inwards. Slide the window aft until it is fully open.
What equipment is kept in the flight deck?
4x Quick don O2
4x Life Jackets
2x Fire gloves
2x Escape ropes
2x Torches
1x Halon
1x Crash axe and
1x PBE.
Protective breathing equipment:
Has a duration of 15 min + must be used when using halon extinguisher + should have a blue indicator
(Blue indicator shows PBE is serviceable, Pink indicator shows unserviceable due to humidity.)
Put on: bend forward, open the neck band, chin first and over your head. Pull the toggle to start oxygen. Careful with sharp object to not tear the viewing window. Remove by pulling on the top of the hood.
Note the oxygen generator will be hot!!
The fire gloves
Are non fireproof & are heat resistant
On which type of fire halon extinguisher can be used?
Both electrical and non-electrical fires
To use halon extinguisher:
Remove the pin, hold it upright, place hand under handle and thumb on lever and squeeze the lever with thumb.
Hold at an angle from above to the fire. Make short and strong bursts until it runs out or the fire goes out.
What does NITS stand for?
Nature, intentions, time, special instructions
How does the flight crew notify an emergency to the cabin crew?
By saying “ No 1 to the flight deck” via the PA
How many categories of emergencies are with reference to the time available?
Three
- Long notice
- Short notice (<5 min)
- No notice
At approximately what height should the “brace brace” command be given?
200ft (30 sec)
What is the evacuation command?
This is an emergency, evacuate the aircraft using all available exits (repeated once)
When can cabin crew initiate the evacuation?
Dense smoke in the cabin, sounds which would indicate the breaking up of the AC, ditching (all above)
Also;
Both pilots incapacitated and catastrophic event occured
Uncontrollable fire treatening the life and safety of everyone on board
Unusual nose down, tail down or wing down attitude
What does PAA stands for?
Problem, actions taken, additional information
Can the aft doors be used to evacuate after ditching?
It is imperative that the aft doors are not opened during a ditching
This is because the doors will most likely be below waterlevel.
What are the pilots roles in an evacuation?
Primary exits - Main doors. Captain evacuates through L1 door. F/O evacuates throught R1 door (take loadsheet and NOTOC).
Secondary exit: open panels in Flight deck door and use L1 & R1 door.
Last resort: flightdeck window, use strap, leg-body-leg and go down via the rope.
When outside - assist passengers at the bottom of the slide.
What is a slow decompression?
This is a gradual loss of cabin pressure, which can take more than 10 seconds to equalise with the outside pressure.
How is the passenger and crew O2 system activated electrically?
By a switch in the flight deck. (Switching passenger oxygen from NORMAL to ON).
At what cabin altitude is the passenger oxygen system automatically activated?
14.000 ft
Following an emergency descent, when will the cabin crew come off oxygen?
After ‘No1 to the flight deck’ call is heard over the PA.
What are the insidious effects of hypoxia?
Impaired judgement and euphoria
How long will the drop down oxygen/passenger oxygen last for?
12 min
What are the three different modes of the quick don O2 mask?
100%, Normal, Emergency
Should pax oxygen masks be used during smoke of fire in the cabin?
No
According to the pilot incapacitation drill, which of these statements are true?
If breathing is not normal and subject to approval from the remaining pilot and depending on the phase of flight, remove incapacitated pilot from the seat with the help of at least two cabin crew members and commence CPR immediately at the forward galley.
Cabin crew is trained to assist with checklists and provide first aid.
The inertia reel lock:
Is a reel lock to engage the shoulder harness mechanism of the seat and to prevent it from reeling it further.
If the No. 2 becomes incapacitated during the flight:
No.1 remains in position, No.3 becomes No.2, No.4 remains in position.
Who informs the captain in case of fire?
First communicator
Finder: fights the fire
1st communicator: informs the captain
Back up: is ready for back up
2nd communicator: informs the PAX
What are the CC roles in the fighting?
Fire fighter, First communicator, Back up, Second communicator
What is flashover?
The sudden transfer of heat from a local fire to a more widespread fire involving a much greater area
During flight, what does the No.2 initially do when he/she hears “No.1 to the flight deck immediately”?
Stows trolley and goes to forward galley to wait for NITS from No.1.
Who makes the PA to passengers during a short notice emergency?
The No.1 will do the SOS Short Notice PA from the jumpseat.
The cabin crew quick reference guide (QRG) contains …
Contains checklists used by the cabin crew to manage non-normal situation.
Prior to departure with an incapacitated cabin crew, the aircraft may return to base with three cabin crew members provided:
Passenger numbers are reduced to 150.
How many people can be seated on each row of passenger seats to comply with safety measures and oxygen requirement?
6
The PASS OXY on light illuminates. What does this indicate?
Passenger oxygen system is activated.
The flight crew oxygen mask regulator selector rotated to the EMERGENCY position:
Supplies 100% oxygen under positive pressure at all cabin altitudes
Where can you confirm the pressure of the flight deck Oxygen?
On the crew oxygen pressure indicator on the oxygen pane (AFT OVERHEAD PANEL)
If a Rapid Depressurisation should occur during high level cruise:
Autopilot should remain engaged, Captain assumes role of PF
Which class of fire are combustible metals?
Class D
Class A = Solids
Class B = Flammable liquids
Class C = Flammable gasses
Class D = Combustible metals
Class E = Live electronic equipment
Class F = Flammable fats
So Li Ga Me Li Fats
How often should cabin crew check the toilets?
20 minutes
Also, every 20 minutes, check galleys, ovens and pilots (PA resets the timer))
Smoke removal should not be requested by the cabin crew uness absolutely necessary as an increase in ventiation is required to remove the smoke. True or false?
TRUE
What is item 1 of the Smoke, Fire or Fumes checklist?
Diversion may be needed
What are the various switch positions of the Emergency Lighting (EMER EXIT LIGHTS), located on the fwd overhead panel?
OFF, ARMED , ON
The Flight Deck door decompression panels
Provides emergency egress path and automatically opens during cabin decompression
The flight deck door is opened by pilots during flight by
Verifying visually through the viewing lens that the area is clear and open the flight deck door with the use of the flight deck door handle.
Who approves Ryanair Security programma?
Irish Aviation Authority
In relation to an Airport ID card, which of the following statements apply?
Aircrew must complete security training
Aircrew must undergo a background check
Aircrew must report the loss of their ID immediately to the issuer
Aircrew must wear their ID in a visible place
Aircrew must show their ID upon request
(all of the above)
What paperwork should be completed when a passenger is offloaded?
Passenger Offload Statement by the CC and completed and signed by the commander. Police must be informed.
When to offload:
- Smoking
- physical violence
- Severe verbal abuse
- Interfering with A/C equipment
- Theft
- Inappropriate physical contact
- Intoxication from alcohol or drugs presenting a risk to other passengers, crew
or property. - Continuous refusal to comply with safety regulations during the flight*.
- Or action outlined in Article 7 of RYR General Terms & Conditions of Carriage.
What is Ryanair’s Hijack Priority Response?
Hijack Policy - “the safe release of all passengers and crew”.
Five main types of hijacker:
• Criminals.
• The mentally unbalanced.
• Refugees.
• Terrorists.
• Political Hijackers.
Who is responsible for publishing Annex 17?
ICAO
Annex 17 - Aviation Security is the legal framework
Informes states about the current AVSEC guidelines.
(ECAC: DOC30 ptII, ICAO of Europe
EC 300/2008 (Common Standard Aviation Security, general measures/guidelines)
EU 2015/1998 (Detailed measures/guidelines)
EU 2015/8005 (Airlines on a need to know basis))
What are the 3 categories of bomb threats and give a short description.
- Red: Credible, COUNTERMEASURES REQUIRED.
- Amber: Some doubt about credibility, AUGMENTED COUNTERMEASURES REQUIRED.
- Green: Lacks credibility, NO EXTRA PRECAUTIONS REQUIRED.
What does NCASP stand for?
National Civil Aviation Security Programme
Who should be aware of the Emergency Access Code?
All Aircrew
What 3 steps should cabin crew take in order to diffuse a difficult situation? // How should a difficult situation be dealth with?
- Inform - Friendly manner
- Warn - Polite manner
- Action - Calm manner
Who develops the NCASP in Ireland?
Developed by DTTAS (Dep. of Transport, Tourism and Sport)
Reviewed by NCASC (National Civil Aviation Security Committee)
Monitored by IAA (Irish Aviation Authority), since 01-01-2013 appropriate authority
What are the different roles of the CC in a Sterile Search?
No1: Observer, stand fwd,
No2 & No3: Searchers
No4: Barrier
- Search starts at rear galley and toilets, always bottom>top, L>R.
- Then 3 rows at a time.
- Each CC searches crew bag of another CC.
- Flight crew searches flight deck
- Suspicious? Ask pax to identify
- > not identified: inform Flight crew
List 4 things would cause a passenger to overreact:
- Stress
- Baggage problem
- Fear of flight
- Alcohol
What should you do when someone attempts to board the aircraft?
Check for a valid boarding card or ID pass (photo and validity date)
In a Disruptive Passenger Situation which report should be completed at the end of Duty?
Cabin Crew Report
What happens if a passenger chooses not to travel once boarded?
When a passenger boards an aircraft and disembarks pre-flight the following procedure applies:
- The No. 1 informs the Captain and the Dispatcher.
- The passenger is identified.
- The passenger collects all their belongings and is escorted back to the terminal.
- The CC check the row in which the passenger was sitting, 3 rows in front and 3 rows behind. Other passengers seated in these areas are asked to identify their hand luggage.
- The CC confirm that the head count on board is correct.
- Ground staff will ensure that any checked baggage is removed from the hold.
- The No. 1 informs the Captain that the procedure is complete.
Which group of passengers could be classified as a potentially disruptive passenger?
- Inadmissable passenger: entry to State is refused, transported back to departure or any other country where admissible
- Person in lawful custody: either under arrest or convicted by a court of law who have to be
transported. - Deportee: entered a state ilegally, and who at some later time are formally ordered by the relevant authorities to leave that State.
Who advises on the content of the NCASP in Ireland?
National Civil Aviation Security Committee:
members are Irish Airlines, Irish Airports, Police, Military, Pilots, Borders and Excess
From RYR: Carol Sharkey
What should the Cabin Crew say to the Flight Crew in the event of a hijacking? // Which prase may be used by Cabin Crew over the interphone to warn the Flight deck of a potential Hijack situation?
Use the phrase: “A passenger demands to see the Captain”
When should you complete your security checks?
Before the first passenger boards, when the seatbelt sign comes on for landing and once the last passenger disembarks.
Suspicious Object - Where is the least risk bomb location (LRBL) onboard Ryanair aircraft? // Where is the LRBL on the B737-800?
R2 door (less electronics, more reinforced)
Procedure:
- Disarm slide
- Remove safety equipment
- Empty 2 trollys
- Pad with cushions
- Place the suspicious object against the window.
- Cover it with a plastic bag to keep it dry.
- Cover with a layer of dampened material.
- Move the last 6 rows of passengers.
- Put max. 4 passengers in a row if necessary.
- No 3 and No 2 sit directly behind the last row of passengers.
The suspicious object needs to be moved by 3 people: 1 in front, 1 carrier and 1 behind to prevent interference.
In the event of hijack, the Cabin Crew are trained NOT to:
Try to disarm the hijacker
Resolution of Hijack - In the event of a forceful resolution of a hijack, until the authorities verify you are a crewmember, you will be treated as a possible hijacker. True or false?
TRUE
Disruptive passengers - the most commonly encountered disruptive behaviour is:
Intoxication or other substance abuse
Mental instability or phobia (e.g. Fear of flying)
Group behaviour
The most important aspect of minimising onboard accidents is to prevent disruptive passengers from travelling in the first instance? True or false?
TRUE
What are the three important conventions for Aviation Security?
And what was the outcome of each of them?
- 1963 TOKYO - Captain alternate power and authority
- 1970 THE HAGUE - “Hijacking Convention”, prohibits hijacking
- 1971 MONTREAL - Prohibits all behaviour treathening safety of civil aviation aircraft
What percentages of bags / people / vehicles have to been screened when entering the critical area of the SRA (Security Restricted Area)?
100% screening, all the time, no exception
What are the three categories of prohibited articles? And name some articles?
- POTP (Persons other than pax): EU2015/1998 att 1A
- Staff: straff restrictions are always lower than normal pax restrictions
- Passengers and cabin baggages: EU2015/1998 att 4C
- Hold baggage: EU2015/1998 att 5B
- Guns, firearms
- Stunning devices
- Objects with sharp points
- Workmen tools
- Blunt instruments
- Explosive & incendiary substances (ammunition) (only one also for hold)
- Liquids, aerosols, gels
What types of screening methods are there?
- Walkthrough / handheld metal detectors
- Security scanners
- X-Ray
- Explosive detection systems
- Hand search
How should an RYR aircraft be protected when left alone?
Unattended Ryanair Aircraft must be protected as follows:
- External doors must be closed.
-
Airstairs must be retracted
(unless the aircraft is parked within a Critical Part of an EU Member State Airport where Airstairs can be left extended. The Commander will confirm the airport status). - Steps and access aids must be removed and placed sufficiently far from the aircraft to prevent access.
If there are personnel on the aircraft when you board you must confirm that they are in possession of a valid identification and are authorised to be there (e.g. maintenance, cleaners, etc.).
Explain the baggage identification process normal and full.
Normal process:
- Hold baggage is reconciled by Ground Handling Personnel.
Full baggage identification process:
- Ground staff will remove all bags from the hold and place them on the ramp.
- Captain instructs > the No 1 will ask the last 3 rows of passengers to disembark the aircraft using the forward stairs, identify their own bags on the ramp, and re-enter the aircraft using the rear stairs. Continuous flow of passengers until everyone is back on board.
- No 1 will inform the Captain once the process is complete.
List the steps of the CC “9 point plan” in case of a hijack.
- Remain seated in take-off/landing positions.
- Keep aisles clear.
- Serve passengers with trays.
- Keep passengers under control
- Keep passengers movement to a minimum.
- Make mental note of passenger movement.
- Collect information.
- Be prepared to evacuate.
- Review emergency procedures.
What is the procedure to open the flight deck door in flight?
The Flight Crew will switch on the ‘fasten seatbelt sign’.
• The No 1 will make the ‘fasten seatbelt’ PA.
• The Flight Crew will establish communication with the No 1.
• The No 1 will confirm over interphone ‘fasten seatbelt’ PA has been made and all passengers are in their seats.
• The Pilot Monitoring (PM) will look through viewing window and verify the CC.
• The password MUST be given to the Captain.
• Both pilots must agree.
• Pax leaves seat or cabin incident? > No 1 must inform the Flight Crew immediately door (remains) closed.
If a pilot needs to leave the flightdeck in flight, what is the procedure?
If a pilot needs to leave the flight deck the following procedure applies:
• The pilot exits flight deck and a CC (never the No 1 or a ‘NEW’ CC member) enters.
• The CC member shall stay standing and does not touch anything.
Pilot return:
• Establish communication between pilots via the interphone. The password must be given
before the door is opened.
• The CC checks viewing window to see pilot.
• Open door, changes places, close door.
What is the ICAO’s scale when describing a disruptive passenger event?
- Level 1 – Disruptive behaviour (verbal);
- Level 2 – Physically abusive behaviour;
- Level 3 – Life-threatening behaviour (or display of a weapon);
- Level 4 – Attempted or actual breach of the flight crew compartment
Aim/Objective of Aviation Security ?
To safeguard and protect passengers, crew, ground personnel, general public, aircrafts and facilities from acts of unlawful interference
Write few examples of Acts of Unlawful interference:
Brussels Airport landside explosions (2016)
Lockerbie bomb in unattended baggage -> implemented 100% baggage screening (1988)
Metrojet IED in soft can (2015)
Aeroflot attempted hijack on the way to Afghanistan (2019)
By what methods does the IAA monitors compliance ?
And what authority does an Inspector of the IAA have ?
Audit (planned), Inspections (unplanned), Test
And at any time come on board and conduct an inspection
When do we conduct Security Searches? And what is the difference between Checks and Searches?
When:
- If a/c arrives from an ‘unapproved’ 3rd country
- If a/c arrives from outside a SRA
- If unauthorized persons have had access to it
Differences:
- Addition to Search: Exterior of the aircraft
- Flight crew:
- Flight deck if left unattended)
- Wheel wells
- The air conditioning access panel
- Certify completion on LID (search record)
What are the steps of the general firedrill?
Explain the rapid disembarkation procedure
Aircrew awareness; how do you recognise possible spillage of a dangerous good?
Does Ryanair allow the following DG items on board?
- Passenger oxygen
- Human remains
- Ashes
- Human organs
- Electric wheelchairs
- Passenger oxygen: only prebooked or bring approved portable oxygen generator
- Human remains: yes, on specific flights only and when the airport has the appropriate facilities available
- Ashes: yes, but only in a screw toplid container
- Human organs: yes, but on dry ice remains in the cabin, closest to L1 door. When not on dry ice, placed in the flight deck.
- Electric wheelchairs: only dry/gel batteries (not wet) and max 300W for one or 160W each for two. Spare one in the cabin.
