Sensory systems Flashcards
Major receptor types
mechano (physical), photo(eyes), electro(electricity), nocio(), chemo(smell/taste), thermo(heat), magneto(magnetic field)
Transduction
Converts stimuli from environmental to internal
Transmission
Relays signal to CNS through action potential
Action potential
the method of communicating from neuron to neuron
Functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron
Arc reflex
If something that needs a quick reaction occurs. The neurons will only send the signal to the spine and not the brain so it can create a shortcut for a reaction causing quick reaction speeds
Statocysts
Gravity detection inside of many plants. They use statoliths to roll around hair like membrane to determine orientation. This can send responses for plants to grow more auxin in some parts or humans to balance themselves
Otoliths
The small rocks in the ear that detect gravity in humans (3 of them for x,y, and z coordinates)
Gravity sense in animals v plants
Mammals use otoliths while plants use statolyths amyloplasts to detect gravity
Phototrophisms
A response to light
Chromoproteins
Mediate plant response to light detection
Gravitrophisms
A response to gravity
How to plants detect gravity?
They use amyloplasts that sink down to the bottom because of gravity and they rub against pressure receptors in the cell
How do plants grow with gravity or towards something (bending)?
Using amyloplasts they can detect where they need to grow more to bend. On the shorter side of the curve they don’t use auxins because it doesn’t need to grow, but the longer side needs auxin because it needs to grow to creat a bend sideways
Auxins
Overall term for hormones that cause growth in plants
Compound eyes
Found in bigs mostly and made out of many different lenses
Simple eyes
Eyes made out of one lense such as ours
Cones and rods
Cones and rods are found in simple eyes and do different things for the eyes
What do cones do?
Cones correlate to colors
What do rods do?
Rods correlate to contrast of light
Tapetum Lincidum
The reflective eyes you see in some animals during the night. This happens because they have tapetum Lincidum which reflects light inside of the eye during the night
Nicatating membrane
A membrane that covers the eye found common in predators
Thermoreception
The ability to “see” heat
Pit organs
Found commonly in pit vipers and are responsible for sensing heat
Electroreception
The ability to sense electrical charges
Ampullae of Lorenzizi
Black pores on sharks that are VERY electroreceptive. They can sense very small electrical pulses so sharks can find prey
Electrolytes
Cells found in electric eels that conduct electricity
What is unique about platypus
They have poison as a mammal and they have an electro receptive bill
Best steel in animals
Bears
Best hearing in animals
Moths
Overlaps of sensory in animals and plants
Gravity, photo, chemo
