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BIO 2130 > Chapter 44 > Flashcards

Chapter 44 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Whats ecology

A

Study of how organisms interact with their environment

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2
Q

Goals of ecology

A

Understand distributions and abundances of organisms

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3
Q

Approaches to ecology

A

Organismal, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Global

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4
Q

Biopshere

A

thin zone of earth where all life exists

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5
Q

Organismal ecology

A

how do individuals interact w/ physical environment?

Salmon migrate to freshwater from saltwater to breed

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6
Q

Population ecology

A

How and why does population size change over space and time?

FEmale salmon produce 1k eggs and only a few offspring survive to breed

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7
Q

Community ecology

A

How do species interact/consequences?

salmon are prey and predators

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8
Q

Ecosystem ecology

A

how does energy flow throughought the local environemtn

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9
Q

Ecosystem ecology

A

how does energy flow throughout the local environment

salmon die and decompose releasing nutrients.

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10
Q

Global ecology

A

How is the biosphere affected by global changes?

Worldwide populations of salmon affected by climate change

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11
Q

Biogeography

A

how organisms are distributed

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12
Q

Range

A

Geographic distribution

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13
Q

Niche

A

Set of conditions a species can tolerate

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14
Q

Biotic/abiotic factors

A

bio=live
abio= non-live

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15
Q

dispersal

A

movement from birthplace to area of occupation/breeding

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16
Q

phenology

A

study of climatic impact on organismal life cycles

“how does climate change affect generations of many differnet organisms”

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17
Q

Wallace Line

A

a line that marks a key distinction of species

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18
Q

Exotic vs Invasive species

A

exotic: not native species
invasive: not native that harms native species

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19
Q

Endemic

A

naturally occur species in a given place

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20
Q

Misconception of invasive species

A

It is right that invasive species are ver very bad for endemic species, but they can present some pros

21
Q

Climate vs Weather

A

Climate is long-term weather conditions in an area while weather is short-term weather conditions

22
Q

Why are there seasons?

A

Seasons are a result of the 23.5 degree tilt in earth’s axis. This causes light to hit earth in different ways that affect temp/percipitation during different seasons

23
Q

Coriollus effect

A

A phenomena of wind trajectories that are cause by earths rotation and cells

24
Q

Hadley, Mid-lattitude, and polar cells

A

0-30, 30-60, 60+ respectively. (explain how cells work)

25
Q

How can geology affect local climates?

A

mountains affect land while ocean gyres affect waters

26
Q

Biomes

A

Biomes are defeined by:
Temp
Moisture
Sunlight* (causes the other 3 to happen)
Wind

27
Q

Why are biomes important

A

biomes are important because (ask goff)

28
Q

Tropical Rainforest

A

Hgih spp. diversity, many niches because of this (constant high, high perc.)

29
Q

Subtropical desert

A

30N and 30S latitudes, extreme temps lead to weird adaptations (high temp low perc.)

30
Q

Temperate grasslands

A

Low productivity, fertile soils (above freezing but flucates, decent perc)

31
Q

Temperate Forest

A

Deciduous trees (above freezing, but can flucuate, mid perc.)

32
Q

Boreal forest (taiga)

A

Low productivity, high biomass, low diversity (mostly belowf freezing, but fluctuates, same perc.)

33
Q

Tundra

A

Permafrost, Low Spp. diversity, productivity & biomass (mostly below freezing, can be above in summer, very low perc.)

34
Q

Why do they define biomes by plants and not animals

A

Animals can’t fucking move

35
Q

Net Primary Productivity

A

quantifying health of biome by subracting total carbon minus total CO2. Measures health of an environment as it equates the ammount of energy cycling

36
Q

How are aquatic biomes defined?

A

Salinity, Depth, Flow of H2O, and Nutrient availability

37
Q

Photic zone

A

0-200m, has lots of light

38
Q

Oceanic zone

A

region of open sea

39
Q

Netric Zone

A

the waters and biological communities living in the water column over the continental shelf

40
Q

intertidal Zone

A

Very close to the beach and waves crash here

41
Q

Aphotic zone

A

200m-4km, not much light

42
Q

Abyssal Zone

A

4k-10k, no light at all

43
Q

Benthic realm

A

Sea floor

44
Q

Pelagic Realm

A

Anything below water that is not in direct contact with a shore or the bottom

45
Q

3 Ways water flow influences nutrient avaibility

A

Coastal runoff- water moves over land and gather nutrients and debris
Upwellings- u know this already
Lake turn overs

46
Q

3 Ways water flow influences nutrient avaibility

A

Coastal runoff- water moves over land and gather nutrients and debris
Ocean upwelling- Temp differences cause water from ebnthic regions with nutrients to go to the top
Lake Turnover: Similar idea to upwellings

47
Q

Lake Turnover each season

A

Winter-stable water movement due to the ice floating on top
Spring turnover- Cold water from ice layer goes down and warmer unfrozen water raises
Summer stratification- high Temps on top and low temps on bottom
Fall turnover- As water starts to cool, cold water rises and hot water goes down

48
Q

Why are esturaries important?

A

organisms use it as a birthplace
filter of fresh water to saltwater, nutrients, soil, soil, and trash

BIO 2130 (14 decks)

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