Chapter 30 Flashcards
Shoots
Anything above ground
Roots
Roots
Indeterminant growth
grow throughout life
What are important ions for plant growth?
N.P.K.Mg
Why is SA/V important in plants
Large Sa/V to catch light in shoots, bringing up water in xylem, and bringing in water for Roots
diversity of roots and shoots (3 things)
morphological diversity, phentypic plasticity, specilization
Different types of root morphologies
taproots, lateral roots, perennial
taproots
roots that grown down
Lateral roots
roots that grow side to side
adventitious roots
roots that form differnet special tissues (anchor, pneumatophores, prop, and storage)
anchor roots
roots that have long hair to attach to walls (veritcal) ex. ivy
Pneumatophores
roots that grow up that allow gas exchange
Prop roots
roots that grow a bit up out of the ground to stabilize plants such as corn
sotrage roots
roots that store strach such as beets
Shoot system important term list
Apical bud, Axillary bus, Node, Internode, Branch, stem
Apical bud
Highest most bud
Axillary bud
Any other bud that is not apical
Bud
tip of each steam/branch
Node
A place where a branch can form
Internode
the space inbetween nodes
Modified stems list
Water sotrage, Tubers, Stolons, Thorns, Rhizomes
Water-storage stems
Its in the name dude
Tubers
Starch storing stems (Potatos)
Stolons
Lateral nodes that are on the ground that can produce new nodes
Thorns
Its a fucking thorn
Rhizomes
Similar to stolons, but they are underground and store some carbohydrates
Simple leaf
A singular leaf that doesnt split
Compound leaf
a leaf blade that divides into leaflets
Modified leafs list
Bulbs, Floral mimics, Succulent, Traps, Tendrils
Bulbs
Leafs that store starch inbetween leafs (Onions)
Floral mimics
Leafs that looks like flowers to attract pollinators (poinsettia)
Succulent leaves
Leaves that store water (aloe vera)
Traps
Leafs that are traps to insects (pitcher plant)
Tendrils
Leafs that erap around something to hold structure (phentypicplastidy)
Simple tissues vs. Complex
Simple tissues are single types of cells, and complex tissues are made out of many cells
Dermal tissue
Outermost layer of
Ground Tissue
Tissues that makes up most of the system
Vascular Tissue
tissues that move solutes and water``
Types of dermal tissue cells
Epidermal cells, Stomata, Trichomes
Epidermal cells
makes majority of the dermal layer and is used for protection
Stomata
Regulate gas exchange via the opening of guard cells
Trichomes
Hair like appendages that reflect sunlgiht, keep h2o in, also is used for sensory system(venus fly trap)
Types of ground tissues
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
Parenchyma
most abudant of ground tissue cells
Collenchyma
Simple flexible structure for growing plants
Sclerenchyma
complex dead at maturity cells that are composed of lignin and cellulose (secondary walls)
Orginization of root systems
Cellular division, elongation, and maturation
Maturation
Oldest part of the plant that grows root hairs
elongation
Cells of this part of the root elongate so it can access water
Area of cell divison
New cells are made by apical meristem and is protected by a rootcap
Primary growth
Elongation and height
Secondary growth
widening and increases conducting tissue (bark)
Cambium
(vascular and cork) a cylinder of running length caused by secondary growth
Vascular cambium
cabium between xylem and pholem
Cork cambium
located near the outer perimeter (deals with water collection)
2 Important vascular ttissues
Xylem and Phloem
Xylem
Moves H2o from roots to shoots
Parts of Xylem
Trachieds and Vessel Elements (only angiosperms)
Trachieds
like holes in vascular tissue that helps water move via adhesion
vessel elements
seperate layers of the vascular layer
Parts of Phloem
Sieve tub elements, companion cells
sieve tub elements
similar to vessel elements where vascualrur is joined by a plate with holes on it
companion cells
cells attached to the phloem that control the solute concetration to induce movement of solutues and water
water potential
the PE of water
solute potential
the ammount that solutes influences osmosis
Pressure potential
water moving in response to pressure change
How does water move into vascular tissue?
symplastic, transmembrane and apoplastic
Symplastic
uses plasmodesmata to move water through
transmembrane
uses aquaporins to move h2o
apoplastics
water moves through the spaces inbetween the cell (cannot pass the casparian strip)
casparian strip
cell wall that protects xylem from losing water
Guttation
secretion of water droplets from the pores of plants
Bulk flow
mass movement of h2o along a pressure gradient
Sugar sinks and sources
Sinks: areas that need sugar/cannot pruce it
sources: areas that do not need sugar/produce it
how does pholem work with companion cells to move sugars?
comapnion cells hold solutes and when water is introduced from the xylem, it moves down to a sink cell
Tonoplasts
large vacuole that stores sucrose and soultes are introduced by secondary transport
