Sensory function

Question 1

what is a muscle spindle

Answer 1

contained in its own fascia, has actin/myosin at the ends, only cell bodies in the middle and no connective tissue, mediates tendon relfexes, proprioceptive responder

Question 2

what type of afferent nerves go away from muscle spindles

Answer 2

1a afferetns

Question 3

what do gamma motor neurones do

Answer 3

maintain the stretch of middle of 1a afferents so proprioceptive signal can keep going to the brain

Question 4

what happens when you tap the patellar tendon

Answer 4

volley of action potentials

Question 5

what motor neurones innervate extrafusal muscle fibres

Answer 5

alpha

Question 6

what are extra/intra fusal motor neurones

Answer 6

extrafusal - normal
intra - inside muscle spindles

Question 7

are gamma motor neurones innervated by reflexes (normally)

Answer 7

no

Question 8

what happens when ++ gamma innervation

Answer 8

hyperreflexia

Question 9

which tract innervates gamma motor neurones

Answer 9

CST

Question 10

where are golgi tendon organs

Answer 10

in tendons, interweaved with collagen

Question 11

what information do golgi tendon organs relay

Answer 11

how much tension in the tendons

Question 12

what is the inhibitory neurotransmitter provoked by ++ golgi activation

Answer 12

glyceine

Question 13

what afferents go away from golgi TOs

Answer 13

1b

Question 14

what lamina do lower motor neurones arrive at

Answer 14

XI

Question 15

how many action potentials/s needed for tetanus

Answer 15

> 10/s

Question 16

what happens is motor action potentials <10/s

Answer 16

jerky twitchy

Question 17

what happens if bits of motor neurones die & what’s the downside

Answer 17

neighbouring ones fill in te gap, but loss of fine motor control

Question 18

which reflexes are monosynaptic

Answer 18

ankle, biceps, triceps, patellar, supinator

Question 19

what is a homonymous reflex

Answer 19

same muscle eff and afferent

Question 20

what is temporal summation

Answer 20

many action potentilas in a short time go over threshold

Question 21

what is spatial summation

Answer 21

several inputs from different axons add up to go over threshold

Question 22

which sort of receptor reacts in flexion withdrawal reflex ( eg step on a pin)

Answer 22

A delta

Question 23

why can flexion withdrawal reflex be overridden

Answer 23

interneurones

Question 24

what do MS and diabetic neuropathy have in common

Answer 24

falls

Question 25

symptoms of U motor neurone pathology

Answer 25

spasticity, rigid paralysis

Question 26

symptoms of lower motor neurone pathology

Answer 26

flaccid paralysis