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brain and behaviour > eye anatomy > Flashcards

eye anatomy Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

what is normal intraocular pressure

A

10-21mmHg

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2
Q

where do tendons in the eye attach

A

sclera

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3
Q

what kind of epithelium is conjunctiva

A

stratified columnar (only one in body)

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4
Q

what is in conjunctiva

A

goblet cells

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5
Q

where is conjunctiva

A

on sclera and inside of eyelid

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6
Q

where is visual acuity highest

A

fovea

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7
Q

what surrounds the fovea

A

macula

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8
Q

where is optic disc relatively

A

medial

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9
Q

what is in the fovea

A

cones

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10
Q

what are the 3 types of cones

A

red/green/blue

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11
Q

what is the photosensitive protein in rods

A

rhodopsin

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12
Q

why are photoreceptors actually “dark receptors”?

A

constant expulsion of glutamate which is turned off when light hits the rod

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13
Q

how does light affect a rod

A

GPCR changes confirmation and downregulates cGMP which closes Na+ channel, causing cell to hyperpolarise leading to stymying of glutamate neurotransmitter emission

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14
Q

what are the 3 important cells in the light seeing pathway

A

rods/cones->bipolar cells-> ganglion cells,

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15
Q

what is in the choroid

A

lots of BVs - blood supply to rods and cones

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16
Q

where do bipolar and ganglion cells get blood supply

A

central retinal artery (think where they are)

17
Q

what cells of rods, bipolar, ganglion cells does light hit first

A

ganglion (it’s really back to front)

18
Q

why does the eye need so much blood

A

photoreceptors highly metabolically active

19
Q

what phagocytoses worn out eye membrane

A

pigment epithelial cells (weirdly)

20
Q

where is lacrimal gland

A

lateral superior to eye (under eyebrow basically)

21
Q

where do tears drain

A

nasolacrimal duct

22
Q

what innervates lacrimal gland

A

facial nerve

23
Q

where does the cornea get nutrition from

A

aqueous humour

24
Q

what is humour behind the lens called

A

vitreous

25
Q

what is glaucoma

A

retinal damage from raised intraocular pressure

26
Q

what are the 2 types of glaucoma

A

open angle which is chronic - trabecular fibres block canal of Schlemm so aqueous humour can’t drain
primary angle closure - acute - emergency
total block of canal of Schlemm, extreme pain and loss of vision

27
Q

what is first line trtment for open angle glaucoma

A

laser trebeculoplasty

28
Q

what is second line trtment for open angle glaucoma

A

beta adrenergic antagonists topical eyedrops timolol

with or without prostaglandin analogues - latanoprost

reduces production of aqueous humour

29
Q

where is aqueous humour produced

A

cilliary body

30
Q

what is normal angle between cornea and iris

A

40 degrees

31
Q

what vitamins essential for eye health

A

C and A

brain and behaviour (14 decks)

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