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brain and behaviour > blood supply to head > Flashcards

blood supply to head Flashcards

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1
Q

which artery often gets blocked -> stroke

A

PICA

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2
Q

what on an angiogram would suggest pathology that shouldn’t be there

A

open communicating arteries

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3
Q

what is PICA stroke called

A

lateral medullary syndromew

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4
Q

what are symptoms of lateral medullary yndrome

A

Patients with PICA territory infarcts most commonly present with acute vertigo, vomiting, headache, gait disturbances, and horizontal nystagmus ipsilateral to the lesion. Headache is the most common initial symptom, and is 20% to 30% more common in PICA distribution infarcts than AICA or SCA infarcts

Also Horner syndrome

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5
Q

what is the blood supply to medial medulla

A

ASA anterior spinal artery

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6
Q

what is the blood supply to lateral medulla

A

PICA

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7
Q

main blood supply to pons medial - lateral

A

basilar medial
AICA lateral

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8
Q

main blood supply to midbrain

A

posterior CEREBRAL artery

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9
Q

what are the 4 medial M’s

A

motor (corticospinal tract)
medial lemniscus (contralateral proprioception)
MLF (eye mvts)
CN motor nerves 3,4,6,12

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10
Q

what are the 4 lateral S’s

A

sympathetic tracts
sensory CN V
spinothalamic tract
spinocerebellar tract

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11
Q

what symptoms X SC

A

ipsilateral ataxia

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12
Q

what symptoms X ST

A

contralateral temp/pain loss

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13
Q

what symptoms X CN V

A

loss of sensation face ipsilateral

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14
Q

what symptoms X sympathetics

A

Ipsilateral Horner’s

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15
Q

what symptoms X corticospinal

A

contralateral mvt loss/weakness

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16
Q

what symptoms X MLF

A

ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia - + Doll’s Eye reflex

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17
Q

what symptoms X ML

A

loss of contralateral proprioception

18
Q

what does posterior cerebral artery supply

A

occipital lobe, thalamus, midbrain

19
Q

vertebral artery supplies (brainstem)?

A

medulla

20
Q

causes of raised intracranial pressure

A

haemorrhage, tumour, inflammation, berry aneurysm

21
Q

symptoms if brain presses on brainstem

A

nausea, vomiting, + Babinski, hemiparesis, unconsciousness

22
Q

what can happen if uncus/hippocampus herniate inferiorly

A

press on CN 3
midbrain pushed to opposite side
PCA occlusino

23
Q

how do you check intracranial pressure

A

eye

24
Q

what sort of blindness is particular to stroke

A

homonymous hemianopia (with macular sparing)

25
Q

what are brain arteries like

A

very thin walls, like veins

26
Q

what is papilloedema what does it look like

A

volcano appearance of optic disc
more angiogenesis,
blood vessels don’t look like they join up properly

27
Q

which vessel usually implicated in Broca’s area impairment

A

superior division left middle cerebral artery infarct

28
Q

which vessel usually implicated in Wernicke’s area impairment

A

inferior division left middle cerebral artery infarct

29
Q

where does middle cerebral artery originate

A

starts off as internal carotid, travels out laterally

30
Q

what does MCA supply

A

basal ganglia, 2/3 cortex, internal capsule

31
Q

which artery supplies occipital lobe

A

posterior cerebral

32
Q

what if ACA stroke

A

contralateral legs motor
incontinence
personality defects

33
Q

what if MCA stroke

A

motor to rest of body gone contralateral
any sort of aphasia depending on location of stroke

34
Q

what does PCA supply

A

occipital lobe, inf part of temporal and parietal

35
Q

what if PCA stroke

A

contralateral hemianopia
reading and writing defects
impaired memory

36
Q

what drains 95% of head blood

A

saggital sinus

37
Q

where is saggital sinus

A

inside dura mater (between layers)

38
Q

what is in the cavernous sinus

A

ICA IJV

39
Q

where do main sinuses meet and where do they go

A

confluence of sinuses -> internal jugular vein

40
Q

when do you get neglect syndrome

A

stroke to non-dominant side of head

brain and behaviour (14 decks)

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