Sensory and Motor System Flashcards
List Conscious Special Senses
Vision, Hearing, Taste, Smell, Equilibrium..
List Conscious Somatic Senses
Touch-pressure, Temperature, Pain, and Proprioception.
List Subconscious Somatic Stimuli
Muscle length-tension.
List Subconscious Visceral Stimuli
Blood Pressure, pH & O2 content of blood, pH of cerebrospinal fluid, Lung inflation, Osmolality of body fluids, Temperature, Blood Glucose, Distension of GI tract.
What is Transduce?
Incoming stimuli into an electrical signal.
Ex.
Light -> Convert stimulus into electrical signal (Receptor Cell)-> Convert into 2nd Messenger (Higher Ca)-> Affect neurons into CNS.
What do Mechanosensitive Receptor respond to?
Mechanical Energy. The sensors respond to tissue deformation or stretch and collapsing of membranes.
What do Thermoreceptor respond to?
Respond to changes in temperature through ion channels in nerve endings under the surface of the skin.
What do Chemoreceptors respond to?
Respond to chemicals. Like taste and smell. Oldest receptor that single celled organism used to recognize environment.
What do Electromagnetic Receptors respond to?
Light or electromagnetic fields. Such as birds and bees.
What do Nociceptors respond to?
Respond to Tissue damage or Swelling.
What is the development or transduction of Receptor Potential?
Respond to by graded potentials known as Receptor Potentials. Most of the time they are (EPSP)
Are all sensory neurons capable of generating Action Receptors?
No, Ex. photoreceptors and taste cells.
Are Vertebrate Hair Cells always active?
Yes, they are always releasing neurotransmitters onto the Axon of the Next Cell in line.
How is the intensity of stimulation coded for in Receptor Potentials in the Sensory System?
Frequency of Action Potentials Generated
Number of receptors active (population coding) and Duration of Stimulus
Gentle pressure causes _____ and Intense pressure causes _____ in the sensory receptor?
Low Frequency
High Frequency
What are the two receptors in Stimulation Receptors?
Tonic and Phasic
What are the four properties of Tonic Receptors? Include the Receptors they activate!
Constant response, Transmit signal to CNA as long as stimulus is present, Slow to adapt, and Includes: Pressure-sensitive baroreceptors, Nociceptors, and some tactile and proprioceptors.
What are the fours properties of Phasic Receptors? Include the Receptors they activate!
Response adapts rapidly after initial burst of activity: SENSORY ADAPTATION
Transmit single to CNS when stimulus intensity changes
Allow one to filter out background noise (signal)
Includes: Olfactory receptors & photoreceptors..
What is the job of the Mechanoreception?
Produce receptor potentials in response to membrane distortion (fluids; particles)
What is the sensory organ that invertebrates contain?
Statocyst
What organ responds to mechanical deformation that is produced by ciliated receptors cells.
Statocyst
Inside the Statocyst the ______ move and settle to the lowest point of ______
Statoliths
Gravity
The Cilated Receptor Cells in the Statocyst are distorted by what?
Statoliths
How do insects hear?
They have a varying length & thick of hair cells that vibrate and different frequencies. These hair frequencies are activated by specific stimuli. (Mechanosensitive Channels at base)