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Biology 1620 > Paleiobiology > Flashcards

Paleiobiology Flashcards

1
Q

Fossil record indicates major periods of ________ and ________.

A

Diversification, extinction

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2
Q

Fossils of multicellular organisms are from what eon?

A

Phanerozoic eon, last 550 million years ago.

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3
Q

The Phanerozoic eon is composed as what ERAS?

A

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic

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4
Q

Before Phanerozoic, there were three huge eons:

A

Hadean 4.6-3.8, Archean 3.8-2.5, Proterozoic 2.5 bya-550 mya (Phanerozoic).

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5
Q

The three eras are labeled as ancient, middle, and recent life. Label each to the correct ERAS:

A

Paleozoic: Ancient life (550-250 mya)
Mesozoic: Middle life (250 -65 mya)
Cenozoic: Recent life (65 mya- present)

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6
Q

All species that have existed on earth are now:

A

Extinct (99%)

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7
Q

What was the biggest mass extinctions?

A

Paleozoic & Mesozoic, 250 mya.

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8
Q

The Paleozoic & Mesozoic extinction killed off >50% of marine invertebrates due to?

A

Vulcanism-Siberian lava fields

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9
Q

The mass extinction that killed off the remaining dinosaurs, ammonites, and rudists was:

A

Boundary of Mesozoic & Cenozoic (65 mya)

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10
Q

What do Mass Extinction do to the history of life?

A

RESET

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11
Q

Evidence for extraterrestrial cause mass extinction at the end of Mesozoic:

A

Unusual concentration of iridium.
Shocked quartz, Microtekites (impact debris)
Yucatan Crater; right age and size

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12
Q

Shocked quarts caused intersecting?

A

Lamellae

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13
Q

Chicxulub crater 65.06 +/- 0.18 mya and at least __ km wide

A

180

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14
Q

Basilosaurus or ________ evolved _____? The was fully ____. It still has _____

A

Zeuglodon, 35-40mya, Aquatic fully hime-limbs (probably unuseful)

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15
Q

Ambulocetus was a 12 foot ______ that was semi-aquatic and lived _____mya. He used _________

A

Crocodile, 41-48mya, Pelvic Paddling, functioning hine limbs

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16
Q

The Pakicetus spend some time submerged and used ________

A

Quadrupedal Paddling , and mostly on land

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17
Q

What can only be retrospectively identified:

A

Transitional Species

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18
Q

Why can we only call transitional species transitional?

A

Because we only know how the linage later evolved

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19
Q

The bridges that gap between modern ants and wasps

A

Sphecomyrma Freyi

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20
Q

The lamella in shock quarts represents:

A

The rock has been subjected to high pressure impact

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21
Q

Mircotekities are?

A

Bell shaped rocks that indicate that rock has been liquified

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22
Q

The iridium abundance after the Yucatan crater the concentration was?

A

3000 parts ber trillion

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23
Q

The earths craters are not observable from the surface because of?

A

The environment and constant change in it.

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24
Q

There is only 2 orders of mammals that are fully aquatic

A

Whales and mannaties

25
Q

The suffix, “AMBU” means?

A

Walking

26
Q

The baylean whale and tooth whales are the ?

A

Two major groups of living whales

27
Q

What is the transition of swimming in whales

A

Quadrupedal paddling, Pelvic paddling, Pelvic undulation, Caudal undulation, and Caudal Oscillation

28
Q

Ants are all ?

A

Usocial

29
Q

What was one of the transitional lineage of birds?

A

Archaeopteryx Lithographica (Bird-Reptile) with bones its tail and reptilian claws, and affinity with small dinos

30
Q

Reptiles are ________ ______ groups?

A

Paraphyletic artificial

31
Q

Anas is the only living birds. It is also know as the modern?

A

Duck (quack, quack)

32
Q

In the last 20-30 years, China had a lot of Mesozoic _______ ___. You can tell by the ____ of the spices

A

Sedimentary Beds, Names

33
Q

Males come from an amniote group called?

A

Synapsids

34
Q

Amniotes are?

A

Birds, Mammals, and everything else is thrown in to the Reptiles (Paraphyletic)

35
Q

What does synapsid mean?

A

That it had a single whole behind the ear instead of two holes like the diapsid.

36
Q

Dimetrodon is a ______ from the ______ __?

A

Synapsid, Mesozoic era

37
Q

Is dimetrodon a dinosaure?

A

NO

38
Q

The Thrinaxodon is a _____ form the early Triassic.

A

Synapsids

39
Q

From early, the evolution of animals go synapsids, ________, cynodont, and ______

A

Therapsids, Mammals

40
Q

We evolved from the Synapsids lineage?

A

YES

41
Q

Most mammals in the Mesozoic were very LARGE?

A

NO

42
Q

The mammaliafrom began to show separation of the ________ ___ bones from the ___

A

Middle Ear, Jaw

(Hadrocodium wui 195mya) mass of 2g

43
Q

What are some the characteristics we use to define mammals? (not mammaliaform )

A

Endothermy, Milk Glands, and live birth all appeared sequentially over the Mesozoic ( ex. Platypus)

44
Q

Developmental biology is good for?

A

Redeveloping the path of change.

45
Q

Many juvenile stages are conserved?

A

TRUE

46
Q

The baleen whales teeth are made up of?

A

Carotene

47
Q

What tell us the homologous characters?

A

Development

48
Q

What is the structural elements of the tetrapod limb?

A

Stylopod (Humorous, Femer), Zeugopod (Radius and Ulnar), and Autopod (small bones, phalanges)

49
Q

What is a proximal distillate elaboration?

A

The tetrapod: from Stylopd to Autopod

50
Q

The Neopterygians are what type of fishes?

A

(higher ray-finned fishes)

51
Q

The Actinopterygians fishes are?

A

(ray-finned fishes)

52
Q

The Sacropterygians fishes are?

A

(lobe-finned fishes)

53
Q

Fins without bones are in ?

A

Osteichthyes

54
Q

Proximal osseous elements (stylopods) are in lobe-finned fishes called?

A

Sacropterygians

55
Q

Intermediate elements (zeugopods) are found in ?

A

Eusthernopteron and Sauripterus

56
Q

Distal Element (autopod) and _______ are found in ?

A

Acanthostega and Ichthyostega

57
Q

In early amphibians (_________) first __________ was found.

A

Balenopteron,

Pentadactyly

58
Q

Where are carpals found in the stages of amphibians?

A

In later amphibians.

Biology 1620 (8 decks)

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