Paleiobiology

Question 1

Fossil record indicates major periods of ________ and ________.

Answer 1

Diversification, extinction

Question 2

Fossils of multicellular organisms are from what eon?

Answer 2

Phanerozoic eon, last 550 million years ago.

Question 3

The Phanerozoic eon is composed as what ERAS?

Answer 3

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic

Question 4

Before Phanerozoic, there were three huge eons:

Answer 4

Hadean 4.6-3.8, Archean 3.8-2.5, Proterozoic 2.5 bya-550 mya (Phanerozoic).

Question 5

The three eras are labeled as ancient, middle, and recent life. Label each to the correct ERAS:

Answer 5

Paleozoic: Ancient life (550-250 mya)
Mesozoic: Middle life (250 -65 mya)
Cenozoic: Recent life (65 mya- present)

Question 6

All species that have existed on earth are now:

Answer 6

Extinct (99%)

Question 7

What was the biggest mass extinctions?

Answer 7

Paleozoic & Mesozoic, 250 mya.

Question 8

The Paleozoic & Mesozoic extinction killed off >50% of marine invertebrates due to?

Answer 8

Vulcanism-Siberian lava fields

Question 9

The mass extinction that killed off the remaining dinosaurs, ammonites, and rudists was:

Answer 9

Boundary of Mesozoic & Cenozoic (65 mya)

Question 10

What do Mass Extinction do to the history of life?

Answer 10

RESET

Question 11

Evidence for extraterrestrial cause mass extinction at the end of Mesozoic:

Answer 11

Unusual concentration of iridium.
Shocked quartz, Microtekites (impact debris)
Yucatan Crater; right age and size

Question 12

Shocked quarts caused intersecting?

Answer 12

Lamellae

Question 13

Chicxulub crater 65.06 +/- 0.18 mya and at least __ km wide

Answer 13

180

Question 14

Basilosaurus or ________ evolved _____? The was fully ____. It still has _____

Answer 14

Zeuglodon, 35-40mya, Aquatic fully hime-limbs (probably unuseful)

Question 15

Ambulocetus was a 12 foot ______ that was semi-aquatic and lived _____mya. He used _________

Answer 15

Crocodile, 41-48mya, Pelvic Paddling, functioning hine limbs

Question 16

The Pakicetus spend some time submerged and used ________

Answer 16

Quadrupedal Paddling , and mostly on land

Question 17

What can only be retrospectively identified:

Answer 17

Transitional Species

Question 18

Why can we only call transitional species transitional?

Answer 18

Because we only know how the linage later evolved

Question 19

The bridges that gap between modern ants and wasps

Answer 19

Sphecomyrma Freyi

Question 20

The lamella in shock quarts represents:

Answer 20

The rock has been subjected to high pressure impact

Question 21

Mircotekities are?

Answer 21

Bell shaped rocks that indicate that rock has been liquified

Question 22

The iridium abundance after the Yucatan crater the concentration was?

Answer 22

3000 parts ber trillion

Question 23

The earths craters are not observable from the surface because of?

Answer 23

The environment and constant change in it.

Question 24

There is only 2 orders of mammals that are fully aquatic

Answer 24

Whales and mannaties

Question 25

The suffix, "AMBU" means?

Answer 25

Walking

Question 26

The baylean whale and tooth whales are the ?

Answer 26

Two major groups of living whales

Question 27

What is the transition of swimming in whales

Answer 27

Quadrupedal paddling, Pelvic paddling, Pelvic undulation, Caudal undulation, and Caudal Oscillation

Question 28

Ants are all ?

Answer 28

Usocial

Question 29

What was one of the transitional lineage of birds?

Answer 29

Archaeopteryx Lithographica (Bird-Reptile) with bones its tail and reptilian claws, and affinity with small dinos

Question 30

Reptiles are ________ ______ groups?

Answer 30

Paraphyletic artificial

Question 31

Anas is the only living birds. It is also know as the modern?

Answer 31

Duck (quack, quack)

Question 32

In the last 20-30 years, China had a lot of Mesozoic _______ ___. You can tell by the ____ of the spices

Answer 32

Sedimentary Beds, Names

Question 33

Males come from an amniote group called?

Answer 33

Synapsids

Question 34

Amniotes are?

Answer 34

Birds, Mammals, and everything else is thrown in to the Reptiles (Paraphyletic)

Question 35

What does synapsid mean?

Answer 35

That it had a single whole behind the ear instead of two holes like the diapsid.

Question 36

Dimetrodon is a ______ from the ______ __?

Answer 36

Synapsid, Mesozoic era

Question 37

Is dimetrodon a dinosaure?

Answer 37

NO

Question 38

The Thrinaxodon is a _____ form the early Triassic.

Answer 38

Synapsids

Question 39

From early, the evolution of animals go synapsids, ________, cynodont, and ______

Answer 39

Therapsids, Mammals

Question 40

We evolved from the Synapsids lineage?

Answer 40

YES

Question 41

Most mammals in the Mesozoic were very LARGE?

Answer 41

NO

Question 42

The mammaliafrom began to show separation of the ________ ___ bones from the ___

Answer 42

Middle Ear, Jaw | (Hadrocodium wui 195mya) mass of 2g

Question 43

What are some the characteristics we use to define mammals? (not mammaliaform )

Answer 43

Endothermy, Milk Glands, and live birth all appeared sequentially over the Mesozoic ( ex. Platypus)

Question 44

Developmental biology is good for?

Answer 44

Redeveloping the path of change.

Question 45

Many juvenile stages are conserved?

Answer 45

TRUE

Question 46

The baleen whales teeth are made up of?

Answer 46

Carotene

Question 47

What tell us the homologous characters?

Answer 47

Development

Question 48

What is the structural elements of the tetrapod limb?

Answer 48

Stylopod (Humorous, Femer), Zeugopod (Radius and Ulnar), and Autopod (small bones, phalanges)

Question 49

What is a proximal distillate elaboration?

Answer 49

The tetrapod: from Stylopd to Autopod

Question 50

The Neopterygians are what type of fishes?

Answer 50

(higher ray-finned fishes)

Question 51

The Actinopterygians fishes are?

Answer 51

(ray-finned fishes)

Question 52

The Sacropterygians fishes are?

Answer 52

(lobe-finned fishes)

Question 53

Fins without bones are in ?

Answer 53

Osteichthyes

Question 54

Proximal osseous elements (stylopods) are in lobe-finned fishes called?

Answer 54

Sacropterygians

Question 55

Intermediate elements (zeugopods) are found in ?

Answer 55

Eusthernopteron and Sauripterus

Question 56

Distal Element (autopod) and _______ are found in ?

Answer 56

Acanthostega and Ichthyostega

Question 57

In early amphibians (_________) first __________ was found.

Answer 57

Balenopteron, | Pentadactyly

Question 58

Where are carpals found in the stages of amphibians?

Answer 58

In later amphibians.