Paleiobiology Flashcards
Fossil record indicates major periods of ________ and ________.
Diversification, extinction
Fossils of multicellular organisms are from what eon?
Phanerozoic eon, last 550 million years ago.
The Phanerozoic eon is composed as what ERAS?
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic
Before Phanerozoic, there were three huge eons:
Hadean 4.6-3.8, Archean 3.8-2.5, Proterozoic 2.5 bya-550 mya (Phanerozoic).
The three eras are labeled as ancient, middle, and recent life. Label each to the correct ERAS:
Paleozoic: Ancient life (550-250 mya)
Mesozoic: Middle life (250 -65 mya)
Cenozoic: Recent life (65 mya- present)
All species that have existed on earth are now:
Extinct (99%)
What was the biggest mass extinctions?
Paleozoic & Mesozoic, 250 mya.
The Paleozoic & Mesozoic extinction killed off >50% of marine invertebrates due to?
Vulcanism-Siberian lava fields
The mass extinction that killed off the remaining dinosaurs, ammonites, and rudists was:
Boundary of Mesozoic & Cenozoic (65 mya)
What do Mass Extinction do to the history of life?
RESET
Evidence for extraterrestrial cause mass extinction at the end of Mesozoic:
Unusual concentration of iridium.
Shocked quartz, Microtekites (impact debris)
Yucatan Crater; right age and size
Shocked quarts caused intersecting?
Lamellae
Chicxulub crater 65.06 +/- 0.18 mya and at least __ km wide
180
Basilosaurus or ________ evolved _____? The was fully ____. It still has _____
Zeuglodon, 35-40mya, Aquatic fully hime-limbs (probably unuseful)
Ambulocetus was a 12 foot ______ that was semi-aquatic and lived _____mya. He used _________
Crocodile, 41-48mya, Pelvic Paddling, functioning hine limbs
The Pakicetus spend some time submerged and used ________
Quadrupedal Paddling , and mostly on land
What can only be retrospectively identified:
Transitional Species
Why can we only call transitional species transitional?
Because we only know how the linage later evolved
The bridges that gap between modern ants and wasps
Sphecomyrma Freyi
The lamella in shock quarts represents:
The rock has been subjected to high pressure impact
Mircotekities are?
Bell shaped rocks that indicate that rock has been liquified
The iridium abundance after the Yucatan crater the concentration was?
3000 parts ber trillion
The earths craters are not observable from the surface because of?
The environment and constant change in it.
There is only 2 orders of mammals that are fully aquatic
Whales and mannaties
The suffix, “AMBU” means?
Walking
The baylean whale and tooth whales are the ?
Two major groups of living whales
What is the transition of swimming in whales
Quadrupedal paddling, Pelvic paddling, Pelvic undulation, Caudal undulation, and Caudal Oscillation
Ants are all ?
Usocial
What was one of the transitional lineage of birds?
Archaeopteryx Lithographica (Bird-Reptile) with bones its tail and reptilian claws, and affinity with small dinos
Reptiles are ________ ______ groups?
Paraphyletic artificial
Anas is the only living birds. It is also know as the modern?
Duck (quack, quack)
In the last 20-30 years, China had a lot of Mesozoic _______ ___. You can tell by the ____ of the spices
Sedimentary Beds, Names
Males come from an amniote group called?
Synapsids
Amniotes are?
Birds, Mammals, and everything else is thrown in to the Reptiles (Paraphyletic)
What does synapsid mean?
That it had a single whole behind the ear instead of two holes like the diapsid.
Dimetrodon is a ______ from the ______ __?
Synapsid, Mesozoic era
Is dimetrodon a dinosaure?
NO
The Thrinaxodon is a _____ form the early Triassic.
Synapsids
From early, the evolution of animals go synapsids, ________, cynodont, and ______
Therapsids, Mammals
We evolved from the Synapsids lineage?
YES
Most mammals in the Mesozoic were very LARGE?
NO
The mammaliafrom began to show separation of the ________ ___ bones from the ___
Middle Ear, Jaw
(Hadrocodium wui 195mya) mass of 2g
What are some the characteristics we use to define mammals? (not mammaliaform )
Endothermy, Milk Glands, and live birth all appeared sequentially over the Mesozoic ( ex. Platypus)
Developmental biology is good for?
Redeveloping the path of change.
Many juvenile stages are conserved?
TRUE
The baleen whales teeth are made up of?
Carotene
What tell us the homologous characters?
Development
What is the structural elements of the tetrapod limb?
Stylopod (Humorous, Femer), Zeugopod (Radius and Ulnar), and Autopod (small bones, phalanges)
What is a proximal distillate elaboration?
The tetrapod: from Stylopd to Autopod
The Neopterygians are what type of fishes?
(higher ray-finned fishes)
The Actinopterygians fishes are?
(ray-finned fishes)
The Sacropterygians fishes are?
(lobe-finned fishes)
Fins without bones are in ?
Osteichthyes
Proximal osseous elements (stylopods) are in lobe-finned fishes called?
Sacropterygians
Intermediate elements (zeugopods) are found in ?
Eusthernopteron and Sauripterus
Distal Element (autopod) and _______ are found in ?
Acanthostega and Ichthyostega
In early amphibians (_________) first __________ was found.
Balenopteron,
Pentadactyly
Where are carpals found in the stages of amphibians?
In later amphibians.
