Immune System

Question 1

What are the 3 System Function of Immune System?

Answer 1

Protection from pathogens, Removal of dead or damaged tissue, and Recognition and removal of Abnormal Cells

Question 2

Explain the function of the Protection from Pathogen (Disease-causing invaders)

Answer 2

Microbes, Larger Pathogens, Foreign Substance

Question 3

What are microbes?

Answer 3

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, one-celled protozoans

Question 4

What are Larger Pathogens?

Answer 4

Tapeworms, hookworms, and other multicellular parasites.

Question 5

What are considered foreign substances?

Answer 5

Molecules or cells not of the body potentially can elicit an immune response (pollen, chemicals, and foreign bodies)

Question 6

How do cells remove dead or damaged tissue?

Answer 6

Scavanger cells of the immune system circulate through the extracellular compartment looking for damaged or dying cells to engulf & digest.

Question 7

How do cells remove and recognize abnormal cells?

Answer 7

Immune system detects and destroys cells that are created when normal growth & development goes awry.

Question 8

What type of diseases effects the mechanism for distinguishing “self” form “non-self”

Answer 8

Autoimmune disease, such as Diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 9

What is considered the first line of defense?

Answer 9

Internal Defense

Question 10

What is considered the second line of defense?

Answer 10

Internal Innate immunity.

Question 11

Marcophages & Neutrophils are what?

Answer 11

Phagocytes

Question 12

What phagocytes contain pseudopods?

Answer 12

Macrophages

Question 13

What are the functions of Macrophages?

Answer 13

Primary scavengers of the tissue (ingest 100+ bacteria in lifespan)
Remove larger Particles (old RBCs and dead neutrophils)
Is an antigen-presenting cell, ingest molecular and cellular antigen and express parts of their cell surface. (Acquired Immunity)

Question 14

What are the function of Neutrophils?

Answer 14

Most abundant of the white blood cells (50-70%)
Ingest 5-20 bacteria during their 1-2 day lifespan
Release a number of cytokines, including progeny and those involved in the inflammatory response.

Question 15

What are the functions of Histamine?

Answer 15

Higher white blood cell to injury cite release
Open pores in capillaries
Dilates blood vessels, and higher blood flow to region.

Question 16

Where is Histamine released?

Answer 16

From Mast Cells and Basophils.

Question 17

What is the reason for Inflammatory Response?

Answer 17

Increase temperature, attraction of white blood cells (increased blood flow) associated with tissue injury or pathogenic infection

Question 18

What triggers Histamine release?

Answer 18

Inhalation of antigens

Question 19

What prevent mast cell degranulation or block histamine receptors?

Answer 19

Antihistamines

Question 20

What type of internal defense attack virus-infected cancerous cells by recognizing certain protein signatures on these cell that cause apoptosis.

Answer 20

Natural Killer Cells

Question 21

Perforins (Poreforming Proteins) and Granzymes (Proteases) do what to a cell?

Answer 21

Trigger cell death in the target cell in the Natural Killer cells.

Question 22

What type of immunity responses to the body recognition of a SPECIFIC foreign substance and selectively reacts to it?

Answer 22

Acquired (adaptive) Immune

Question 23

What mediates Specific foreign substance and selectively reacts to it?

Answer 23

Lymphocytes, which have membrane receptors that react to only on type of PATHOGEN.