Immune System Flashcards
What are the 3 System Function of Immune System?
Protection from pathogens, Removal of dead or damaged tissue, and Recognition and removal of Abnormal Cells
Explain the function of the Protection from Pathogen (Disease-causing invaders)
Microbes, Larger Pathogens, Foreign Substance
What are microbes?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, one-celled protozoans
What are Larger Pathogens?
Tapeworms, hookworms, and other multicellular parasites.
What are considered foreign substances?
Molecules or cells not of the body potentially can elicit an immune response (pollen, chemicals, and foreign bodies)
How do cells remove dead or damaged tissue?
Scavanger cells of the immune system circulate through the extracellular compartment looking for damaged or dying cells to engulf & digest.
How do cells remove and recognize abnormal cells?
Immune system detects and destroys cells that are created when normal growth & development goes awry.
What type of diseases effects the mechanism for distinguishing “self” form “non-self”
Autoimmune disease, such as Diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis.
What is considered the first line of defense?
Internal Defense
What is considered the second line of defense?
Internal Innate immunity.
Marcophages & Neutrophils are what?
Phagocytes
What phagocytes contain pseudopods?
Macrophages
What are the functions of Macrophages?
Primary scavengers of the tissue (ingest 100+ bacteria in lifespan)
Remove larger Particles (old RBCs and dead neutrophils)
Is an antigen-presenting cell, ingest molecular and cellular antigen and express parts of their cell surface. (Acquired Immunity)
What are the function of Neutrophils?
Most abundant of the white blood cells (50-70%)
Ingest 5-20 bacteria during their 1-2 day lifespan
Release a number of cytokines, including progeny and those involved in the inflammatory response.
What are the functions of Histamine?
Higher white blood cell to injury cite release
Open pores in capillaries
Dilates blood vessels, and higher blood flow to region.
Where is Histamine released?
From Mast Cells and Basophils.
What is the reason for Inflammatory Response?
Increase temperature, attraction of white blood cells (increased blood flow) associated with tissue injury or pathogenic infection
What triggers Histamine release?
Inhalation of antigens
What prevent mast cell degranulation or block histamine receptors?
Antihistamines
What type of internal defense attack virus-infected cancerous cells by recognizing certain protein signatures on these cell that cause apoptosis.
Natural Killer Cells
Perforins (Poreforming Proteins) and Granzymes (Proteases) do what to a cell?
Trigger cell death in the target cell in the Natural Killer cells.
What type of immunity responses to the body recognition of a SPECIFIC foreign substance and selectively reacts to it?
Acquired (adaptive) Immune
What mediates Specific foreign substance and selectively reacts to it?
Lymphocytes, which have membrane receptors that react to only on type of PATHOGEN.
