Sensorimotor Integration

Question 1

Explain the monosynaptic stretch reflexes
1. ____ of the mechanoreceptors in the muscle ____ firing rate of the ____ sensory neuron.
2. Increased ____ release activates the ____ neuron.
3. ____ of biceps muscle

Answer 1

1. Stretch, increase, afferent
2. neurotransmitter, motor
3. Contraction

Question 2

What is the reaction time due to the reflex versus voluntary movement of the contralateral leg?

Answer 2

Contraction time:
reflex leg: 25 msec
‘voluntary’ leg: 170 msec

Question 3

Meaningful behaviour requires sensorimotor integration. Selecting an appropriate behaviour depends on what 5 things?

Answer 3

1. Context
2. Internal state
3. Stage in life
4. Prior experience (memory)
5. Current sensory information

Question 4

CNS neurons can affect the sensory-motor relationship of ________ reflexes.

Answer 4

Polysynaptic

Question 5

Fill in the gaps describing how the visual system detect an object…
1. Cones in the ____ detect light ____ off the object
2. 2. ____ transduce the light stimulation into ____ activity
3. ____ cells change the activation state of ____ cells, which convey ____ information to the brain

Answer 5

1.fovea, bouncing
2.Photoreceptors, neural
3.Bipolar, ganglion, visual

Question 6

Fill in the gaps about visual attention and saccades:
1. The content of a subject’s visual ______ can be traced from the course of that person’s ______.
2. Neurons in the ______ parietal cortex fire more vigorously when the visual stimulus are the ______ of saccades.
3. ______ on the posterior parietal region cause ________ deficits in humans (e.g., spatial neglect).

Answer 6

1. attention, saccades
2. posterior, target
3. Lesions, attentional

Question 7

The saccade system keeps an ____ in the ____, where vision is most ____

Answer 7

image, fovea, accurate

Question 8

Superior colliculus performs visuomotor integration. This region forms a map of ____ ____ ____. Each neuron within the map ____ before the eyes ____ to the ____ location in that map.

Answer 8

potential eye movement.
fires
move
corresponding

Question 9

1. Movement-related neurons fire ____ saccades to specific ____
2. Visual-fixation neurons fire ____ the saccade, inhibiting ____ away from the target

Answer 9

1. before, locations
2. after, movements

Question 10

Fill in the gaps about eye saccades (babes don’t worry if you don’t know this one)
The ______ nucleus inhibit the _____ inhibition of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (disinhibition), which allows the ______ colliculus neurons to fire and produce a ______.

Answer 10

caudate, tonic, superior, saccade

Question 11

The two things the geniculostriate pathway perceives…
1. Perception of ____ and ____ by the ____ visual stream (how)
2. Perception of ____, ____ and ____ by the ____ visual pathway (what)

Answer 11

1.motion, depth, dorsal
2. contrasts, contour, colour, ventral

Question 12

The tectopulvinar pathway perceives perception of the court (tennis example) by the ____ pathway (where)

Answer 12

pulvinar

Question 13

Using the example of a tennis ball, the three things the trajectory prediction discusses are…
1. The ____ information about where the ball is ____ to bounce is from ____ (memory)
2. ____ integration produces a ____ of where the ball will bounce
3. Using both the ____ and the ____ the brain ____ the bounce and produces ____

Answer 13

1. prior, likely, experience
2. Sensorial, likelihood
   3.prior, likelihood, estimates, behaviour.

Question 14

What does the oculomotor loop control?
Eye m____ and t____

Answer 14

Eye movement and tracking

Question 15

The skeletomotor loop controls ____ movements

Answer 15

Voluntary

Question 16

What three things is the basal ganglia involved in?
1. A_____ S______
2. I_____ and T_____ A_____
3. R______ A______ with C______

Answer 16

1. Action selection
2. Initiation and terminating actions
3. Relating actions with consequences

Question 17

Brain scans have shown some regions of the cerebellum are activated when eye tracking and hand movement require coordination. This shows the cerebellum is involved in what?

Answer 17

Movement precision and outcome

Question 18

What does the “motor homunculus” map?

Answer 18

The areas of the motor cortex responsible for moving each part of the body

Question 19

Acetylcholine release by the motor neuron axon terminal will contract what?

Answer 19

Fibres in the target muscle