Respondent conditioning

Question 1

What three things are inextricably related to the limbic system?
1. L____
2. M____
3. E____

Answer 1

Learning, motivation and emotions

Question 2

What is learning in psychology?
Learning is a relatively p____ change in b____ that occurs as a result of e____

Answer 2

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience

Question 3

What is learning in neuroscience?
Learning is the r____ of the b____ to e____ e____/e____ and involves a____ changes in s____ connectivity which will in turn alter b____

Answer 3

Learning is the response of the brain to environmental events/experiences and involves adaptive changes in synaptic connectivity which will in turn alter behaviour

Question 4

What are three limitations of innate responses?
1. Stimulus must be p____ p____ in environment and is f____
2. Behaviour is also f____ and there is little o____ to m____ the behaviour
3. M____ of i____ responses does not occur within an individuals l____, but can occur on an e____ time scale

Answer 4

1. Stimulus must be physically present in environment and is fixed
2. Behaviour is also fixed and there is little opportunity to modify the behaviour
3. Modification of innate responses does not occur within an individuals life time, but can occur on an evolutionary time scale

Question 5

Learning allows for adaptations in behaviour within our lifetime. What are two types of learning?

Answer 5

1. Non-associative learning - learning that stem uni exist in the world
2. Associative learning -
   i) respondent/classical = learning associations between stimuli and stimuli/events
   ii) operant = learning associations between actions and consequences

Question 6

Define habituation

Answer 6

Learned suppression of a response to a repeated stimulus

Question 7

What was the role of Twitmeyer (1873-1943) in association?

Answer 7

First experimental evidence of associative learning in humans
Association between auditory stimulus and patellar reflex

Question 8

Define the following terms:
1. Unconditioned stimulus
2. Unconditioned response
3. Conditioned stimulus
4. Conditioned response

Answer 8

1. Stimulus that has biological relevance
2. Innate response triggered by undonditioned stimulus
3. Neutral stimulus to begin with, but which elicits a response through learning
4. Learned response produced by conditioned stimulus

Question 9

What is meant by contiguity?

Answer 9

CS snd US have to be presented close in time to each other for associations to occur

Question 10

When does extinction occur?

Answer 10

Extinction of the conditioned response when reinforcement is removed

Question 11

What is meant by generalisation?

Answer 11

Similar conditioned stimulus will also elicit conditioned response

Question 12

How does classical conditioning help us adapt to our environment

Answer 12

Helps us adapt to our environment beyond “simple” reflexes – by making associations between stimuli or between stimuli and events.

Question 13

Classical conditioning is ubiquitous. What does this mean?
O____ in all s____

Answer 13

Occurs in all species