Introduction

Question 1

Fitness refers to the ____ of an animal ____ to ____

Answer 1

Chances
surviving
reproduce

Question 2

What are Tinbergen’s 4 questions (1963)?
1. In which way does the behaviour ____ the animal’s ____?
2. How has the behaviour been ____ by ____?
3. WHat causes the behaviour to be ____?
4. How has the behaviour ____ during the ____ of the ____?

Answer 2

1. increase, fitness
2. modified, evolution
3. performed
4. developed, lifetime, individual

Question 3

Define evolution
How ____ ____ shapes a behaviour over ____.
Understand by ____ with similar ____ seen in ____ related species.

Answer 3

natural selection, generations
comparison, behaviours, phylogenetically

Question 4

In psychobiology, we want to understand the causes of behaviour by understanding how the b____ c____ work to m____ b____, and how l____, e____ and e____ shape b____.

Answer 4

brain cells
mediate behaviour
learning, experience, evolution
behaviour

Question 5

In 4th century BCE, what did Aristotle say about linking the mind and brain?
____ controls ____
____ is ____ of ____ in the ____
Suggested ____ (id) controls ____ actions, and ____ (ego) has more control over ____ ____ actions

Answer 5

Mind, behaviour
Heart, seat, mind, body
desire, immediate, reason, long-term

Question 6

What did Hippocrates say about the brain and the body?
____ is the ____ of the ____ - it’s connected to ____ ____ and ____
Noted the ____ of the ____ to the ____ ____ and ____

Answer 6

Brain, seat, mind
sense organs, muscles
connection, brain, sense organs, muscles

Question 7

What did Galen (2nd century, CE) do with linking the mind and brain?

Answer 7

Experiments to link different nerves to function, link brain injury to loss of consciousness

Question 8

What did Ibn Sina (981-1037 CE) do in relation to linking the mind and brain?

Answer 8

First descriptions of many neurological and psychiatric conditions, linking bodily changes (e.g. heart rate) with emotions

Question 9

What was Descartes (1596-1650) role in linking the mind and brain?

Answer 9

Brain and body as a machine (unconscious processing), soul directs the brain via pineal gland (conscious processing)

Question 10

What is meant by the term dualism?

Answer 10

The mind and the body are different things

Question 11

The concept of materialism is the ____ controls ____.
The mind is an ____
Brain ____ is what generates ____ thoughts and ____ - activity is determined by ____ events that shape brains ____.

Answer 11

Brain, behaviour.
Epiphenomenon
activity, conscious, behaviour - previous, connectivity

Question 12

What does evolutionary preserved behaviour show?

Answer 12

Different brains produce the same responses

Question 13

How does electrical activity provide evidence that the brain underlies behaviour?
Electrical activity in the brain corresponds with ____, and this electrial activity starts ____ ____ ____, implying it ____ it

Answer 13

perception, before conscious thought, causes