Feeding Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 primary ways does the body use energy?
1. B____ m____ - ____% of energy usage is to maintain body ____ and other resting function
2. D____ of f____ - ____% of energy used to ____ food and break it down into ____ to be used by the body
3. A____ b____ p____ - ____-____% energy usage for behaviours other than ____

A
  1. Basal metabolism, 55%, body heat
  2. Digestion of food, 33%, process, molecules
  3. Active behavioural processes, 12-13%, rest
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2
Q

What are the four main sources of energy/nutrients?

A
  1. Carbohydrates (saccharides)
  2. Amino acids (protein)
  3. Lipids (fats)
  4. Vitamins and minerals
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3
Q

What are storable forms of carbohydrates called? Where are they stored?

A

Glycogens
Liver and muscles (short term storage)

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4
Q

What is meant by 1 calorie?

A

Amount of energy (heat) needed to raise the temperature of water by 1ºC

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5
Q

A motivational feeding drive emerges from the need to avoid ____ from a narrow ____-____

A

deviations
set-point

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6
Q

What are the two basic types of set-points that regulate food intake?

A
  1. Glucostatic set-point theory - eating controlled by deviations from a hypothetical blood glucose set-point
  2. Lipostatic theory - eating is controlled by a hypothetical body-fat set-point
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7
Q

What two areas of the brain are involved in the dual-centre hypothesis?
1. L____ h____
2. V____ h____

A

Lateral hypothalamus
Ventromedial hypothalamus

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8
Q

What two things did ventromedial hypothalamus lesions increase?

A

Feeding and weight

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9
Q

What two things did lateral hypothalamus lesions decrease?

A

Feeding and weight

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10
Q

Lateral hypothalamus activation via optogenetics leads to what?

A

feeding

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11
Q

What is a problem with the dual centre hypothesis?
Just as often as ____, other ____ occur (if there is food, the animal ____; if there is water, the animal ____; if there is an intruder, the animal ____)
Effects of ____ stimulation depend on the ____.
LH is not a dedicated ____ center, but more generally involved in ____ behaviours.

A

eating
behaviours
eats
drinks
fights
LH
situation
hunger
motivated

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12
Q

Ghrelin and orexin are p____ h____ secreted in the g____ and from a____ t____ and h____.
Administration of them i____ h____.

A

Peptide hormones secreted in gut and from adipose tissue + hypothalamus
Administration increases hunger

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13
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a h____ released in the i____ in response to f____

A

Hormone released in the intestines in response to fat

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14
Q

What is Peptide YY (PYY)?

A

Released in gut in response to food
Injections of PYY inhibit eating
PYY may be abnormally low in obese individuals

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15
Q

Genetic leptin _______ is associated with obesity

A

deficiency

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16
Q

Where are the following produced? And what actions are they involved in?
1. Leptin
- Produced in w____ a____ tissue
- Suppresses a ____
2. Insulin
- Produced in p____
- Help transport g____ into t____
3. Ghrelin (+ orexin)
- Produced in s____
- Stimulates a____
4. CCK
5. PYY
- (4+5) Produced in i____ in response to presence of f____
- Suppresses a____

A
  1. Produced in white adipose tissue
    Suppress appetite
  2. Produced in pancreas
    Help transport glucose into tissues
  3. Produced in stomach
    Stimulates appetite
  4. & 5. Produced in intestines in response to presence of food
    Suppresses appetite