Feeding

Question 1

What 3 primary ways does the body use energy?
1. B____ m____ - ____% of energy usage is to maintain body ____ and other resting function
2. D____ of f____ - ____% of energy used to ____ food and break it down into ____ to be used by the body
3. A____ b____ p____ - ____-____% energy usage for behaviours other than ____

Answer 1

1. Basal metabolism, 55%, body heat
2. Digestion of food, 33%, process, molecules
3. Active behavioural processes, 12-13%, rest

Question 2

What are the four main sources of energy/nutrients?

Answer 2

1. Carbohydrates (saccharides)
2. Amino acids (protein)
3. Lipids (fats)
4. Vitamins and minerals

Question 3

What are storable forms of carbohydrates called? Where are they stored?

Answer 3

Glycogens
Liver and muscles (short term storage)

Question 4

What is meant by 1 calorie?

Answer 4

Amount of energy (heat) needed to raise the temperature of water by 1ºC

Question 5

A motivational feeding drive emerges from the need to avoid ____ from a narrow ____-____

Answer 5

deviations
set-point

Question 6

What are the two basic types of set-points that regulate food intake?

Answer 6

1. Glucostatic set-point theory - eating controlled by deviations from a hypothetical blood glucose set-point
2. Lipostatic theory - eating is controlled by a hypothetical body-fat set-point

Question 7

What two areas of the brain are involved in the dual-centre hypothesis?
1. L____ h____
2. V____ h____

Answer 7

Lateral hypothalamus
Ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 8

What two things did ventromedial hypothalamus lesions increase?

Answer 8

Feeding and weight

Question 9

What two things did lateral hypothalamus lesions decrease?

Answer 9

Feeding and weight

Question 10

Lateral hypothalamus activation via optogenetics leads to what?

Answer 10

feeding

Question 11

What is a problem with the dual centre hypothesis?
Just as often as ____, other ____ occur (if there is food, the animal ____; if there is water, the animal ____; if there is an intruder, the animal ____)
Effects of ____ stimulation depend on the ____.
LH is not a dedicated ____ center, but more generally involved in ____ behaviours.

Answer 11

eating
behaviours
eats
drinks
fights
LH
situation
hunger
motivated

Question 12

Ghrelin and orexin are p____ h____ secreted in the g____ and from a____ t____ and h____.
Administration of them i____ h____.

Answer 12

Peptide hormones secreted in gut and from adipose tissue + hypothalamus
Administration increases hunger

Question 13

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a h____ released in the i____ in response to f____

Answer 13

Hormone released in the intestines in response to fat

Question 14

What is Peptide YY (PYY)?

Answer 14

Released in gut in response to food
Injections of PYY inhibit eating
PYY may be abnormally low in obese individuals

Question 15

Genetic leptin _______ is associated with obesity

Answer 15

deficiency

Question 16

Where are the following produced? And what actions are they involved in?
1. Leptin
- Produced in w____ a____ tissue
- Suppresses a ____
2. Insulin
- Produced in p____
- Help transport g____ into t____
3. Ghrelin (+ orexin)
- Produced in s____
- Stimulates a____
4. CCK
5. PYY
- (4+5) Produced in i____ in response to presence of f____
- Suppresses a____

Answer 16

1. Produced in white adipose tissue
   Suppress appetite
2. Produced in pancreas
   Help transport glucose into tissues
3. Produced in stomach
   Stimulates appetite
4. & 5. Produced in intestines in response to presence of food
   Suppresses appetite