Sensation And Perception

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

Process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensations

Question 2

Sensory receptors

Answer 2

Cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular form of sensory info

Question 3

Transduction

Answer 3

Process which a form of physical energy is concerted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system.

Question 4

Sensation

Answer 4

Process of detecting physical stimulus such a slight, sound, heat, or pressure.

Question 5

Absolute threshold

Answer 5

Smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected half the time

Question 6

Difference threshold

Answer 6

Smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected half the time;

noticeable difference

Question 7

Sensory adaption

Answer 7

Decline in sensitivity to a constant stimulus.

Question 8

Subliminal perception

Answer 8

Detection of stimuli that are below the threshold of conscious awareness

Nonconscious perception

Question 9

Mere exposure effect

Answer 9

Findings that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases a persons preference for that stimulus.

Question 10

Cornea

Answer 10

A clear membrane covering the visible part of the eye that helps gather and direct light

Question 11

Pupil

Answer 11

Opening in middle of iris that changes size to let in different amounts of light

Question 12

Iris

Answer 12

Colored part of eye which is muscle that contracts pupil

Question 13

Lens

Answer 13

Transparent structure, focuses, bends light

Question 14

Accommodation

Answer 14

Process by which the lens changed shape to focus

Question 15

Retina

Answer 15

Light sensitive membrane in back of eye contains sensory receptors (rods/cones)

Question 16

Rods

Answer 16

Long thin blunt sensory receptors
Sensitive to light
Responsible for peripheral vision and night vision

Question 17

Cones

Answer 17

Short thick pointed sensory receptor
Detect color
Responsible for color vision and visual acuity

Question 18

Fovea

Answer 18

Small area in center of retina, composed of cones where visual info is sharply focused.

Question 19

Optic disk

Answer 19

Area of retina w/o rods/cones where optic nerve exits.

Question 20

Blind spot

Answer 20

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye.

Question 21

Ganglion cells

Answer 21

In retina, specialized neuron’s that connect to bipolar cells, bundle of ganglion cells form the optic nerve.

Question 22

Bipolar cells

Answer 22

In retina

Connect rods/cones w/ ganglion cells

Question 23

Optic nerve

Answer 23

Thick nerve carries info to visual cortex.

Question 24

Optic chiasm

Answer 24

Point in brain where optic nerve fibers from each eye meet and partly cross over to opp side of brain.

Question 25

Bottom up processing

Answer 25

Detect basic features to recognize whole pattern Data driven processing

Question 26

Top-down processing

Answer 26

Emphasizing observers knowledge, expectations and other cognitive processes in arriving at meaningful perception Conceptually driven processing

Question 27

Gestalt psychology

Answer 27

School of psych that maintained sensations are actively processed according to consistent perceptual rules , Producing meaningful whole perceptions

Question 28

Figure-ground relationship

Answer 28

Gestalt principle stating that a perception is automatically separated into the figure which clearly stands out from its less distinct background-- the ground.

Question 29

Monocular cues

Answer 29

``` Relative size Overlap Aerial perspective Texture gradient Linear perspective Motion parallax ```

Question 30

Binocular cues

Answer 30

Convergence - degree to which muscles rotate eye to focus | Binocular disparity - object slightly diff in ea eye, close object. Object appears the same, object farther away