Sensation And Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Perception

A

Process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensations

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2
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular form of sensory info

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3
Q

Transduction

A

Process which a form of physical energy is concerted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system.

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4
Q

Sensation

A

Process of detecting physical stimulus such a slight, sound, heat, or pressure.

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5
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected half the time

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6
Q

Difference threshold

A

Smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected half the time;

noticeable difference

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7
Q

Sensory adaption

A

Decline in sensitivity to a constant stimulus.

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8
Q

Subliminal perception

A

Detection of stimuli that are below the threshold of conscious awareness

Nonconscious perception

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9
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

Findings that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases a persons preference for that stimulus.

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10
Q

Cornea

A

A clear membrane covering the visible part of the eye that helps gather and direct light

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11
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in middle of iris that changes size to let in different amounts of light

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12
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of eye which is muscle that contracts pupil

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13
Q

Lens

A

Transparent structure, focuses, bends light

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14
Q

Accommodation

A

Process by which the lens changed shape to focus

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15
Q

Retina

A

Light sensitive membrane in back of eye contains sensory receptors (rods/cones)

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16
Q

Rods

A

Long thin blunt sensory receptors
Sensitive to light
Responsible for peripheral vision and night vision

17
Q

Cones

A

Short thick pointed sensory receptor
Detect color
Responsible for color vision and visual acuity

18
Q

Fovea

A

Small area in center of retina, composed of cones where visual info is sharply focused.

19
Q

Optic disk

A

Area of retina w/o rods/cones where optic nerve exits.

20
Q

Blind spot

A

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye.

21
Q

Ganglion cells

A

In retina, specialized neuron’s that connect to bipolar cells, bundle of ganglion cells form the optic nerve.

22
Q

Bipolar cells

A

In retina

Connect rods/cones w/ ganglion cells

23
Q

Optic nerve

A

Thick nerve carries info to visual cortex.

24
Q

Optic chiasm

A

Point in brain where optic nerve fibers from each eye meet and partly cross over to opp side of brain.

25
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Detect basic features to recognize whole pattern

Data driven processing

26
Q

Top-down processing

A

Emphasizing observers knowledge, expectations and other cognitive processes in arriving at meaningful perception
Conceptually driven processing

27
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

School of psych that maintained sensations are actively processed according to consistent perceptual rules , Producing meaningful whole perceptions

28
Q

Figure-ground relationship

A

Gestalt principle stating that a perception is automatically separated into the figure which clearly stands out from its less distinct background– the ground.

29
Q

Monocular cues

A
Relative size
Overlap
Aerial perspective
Texture gradient
Linear perspective
Motion parallax
30
Q

Binocular cues

A

Convergence - degree to which muscles rotate eye to focus

Binocular disparity - object slightly diff in ea eye, close object. Object appears the same, object farther away