Operant Conditioning

Question 1

Operant

Answer 1

Actively emitted behavior that operates on the environment to produce consequences.

How we acquire a range of voluntary(but not by conscious choice) behaviors that we preform in every day life.

Question 2

Reinforcement

Answer 2

Occurrence of a stimulus or event following a response that increases the likelihood of that response being repeated.

Question 3

Positive reinforcement

Answer 3

Response followed by a reinforcing stimulus.

Question 4

Negative reinforcement

Answer 4

Response followed by removal of (aka punishing) stimulus.

I’m not going to punch you if you do what I want.

Question 5

Primary reinforcer

Answer 5

Stimulus naturally reinforcing for given species. (Water food other bio necessities.)

Question 6

Conditioned reinforcer

Answer 6

Stimulus acquired reinforcing value by being associated with a primary reinforcer.

Question 7

Punishment

Answer 7

Stimulus presented after a behavior to decease chance of behavior occurring again.

Question 8

Positive punishment

Answer 8

Operant is followed by a aversive stimulus.

Question 9

Negative punishment

Answer 9

Operant is followed by removal of reinforcing stimulus.

Question 10

Discriminative stimulus

Answer 10

Stimulus in the presence of which a particular response is more likely to be reinforced and in the absence of which a response is not likely to be reinforced.

Question 11

Operant chamber or Skinner box

Answer 11

Experiment to study relationship between environmental events and active behaviors

Question 12

Shaping

Answer 12

Operant conditioning procedure of selectively reinforcing successively closer approximations of desired behavior.

Question 13

Operant conditioning

Answer 13

Learning of active, voluntary behaviors that are shaped and maintained by their consequences.

Basic learning process that changes probability a response will repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response.

Question 14

Continuous Reinforcement

Answer 14

Schedule of reinforcement in which every occurrence of a particular response is followed by a reinforcer.

Question 15

Partial reinforcement

Answer 15

Situation where only sometimes is a response followed by reinforcer.

Question 16

Extinction

Answer 16

Same but here it occurs when emitted behavior is no longer followed by reinforcer.

Question 17

Partial reinforcement effect

Answer 17

Behaviors conditioned by partial reinforcement are more repentant than those modeled by continuous.

Question 18

Schedule of reinforcement

Answer 18

Dealer dry of a reinforcer according preset pattern based on # of responses of time interval between responses.

Question 19

Fixed-ratio schedule

Answer 19

Reinforcer delivered after a fixed number of responses.

Question 20

Variable-ratio schedule

Answer 20

Reinforcer is delivered after avg # of responses, varies trial to trial

Question 21

Fixed-interval schedule

Answer 21

Reinforcer is delivered after fixed time.

Question 22

Variable-interval schedule

Answer 22

Reinforcer delivered after avg. time interval, varies trial to trial.

Question 23

Behavior modification

Answer 23

Application of learning principles to help people develop more effective or adaptive behaviors.

Question 24

Cognitive map

Answer 24

Tolmans term for mental layout of familiar environment.

Question 25

Latent learning

Answer 25

Tolmans term for learning that occurs in a sense of reinforcement but is not behaviorally demonstrated until reinforcer is available.

Question 26

Instinctive drift

Answer 26

Animals go back on instincts. Teaching hard.