Memory Flashcards
Stage model of memory
3 stages to memory: sensory, short term, long term
Sensory memory
Stage of memory that registers info from environment and holds info for brief time
Short term memory
Info stored for 20 seconds
Long term memory
Stores info for the long haul
Maintenance rehearsal
Repetition of info so it maintains beyond 20 secs
Chunking
Increasing amount of info held in short term by grouping related items together in a single unit
Working memory
Temporary storage and active conscious manipulation of information needed for complex cognitive tasks: reasoning, learning, and problem solving
Elaborative rehearsal
Focuses on meaning of info to help encode and transfer to long term
Procedural memory
Long term memory they includes memories of different skills, operations, and actions
Episodic memory
Long term memory that includes memories of particular events.
Semantic memory
Long term memory that includes memories of general knowledge, concepts, facts, and names.
Explicit memory
Info that can be consciously recollected
Declarative memory
Implicit memory
Info that affects behavior or task performance but cannot be consciously recollected
Non-declarative memory
Serial position effect
Tendency to remember beginning and end of list, and not middle.
Encoding specificity principle
Info retrieval is similar to info encoding and therefore easier to retrieve.
Context effect
Recover info more easily when frigid all occurs in same setting as original learning.
Mood congruence
Given mood tends to evoke memories that are consistent with that mood.
Flashbulb memories
Recall specific images or details surrounding a vivid, rare or significant event
Prospective memory
Remembering to do something in future.
Decay theory
Forgetting is due to normal metabolic processes that occur in the brain over time.
Source memory or source monitoring
Minors for when, where, and his a particular experience or piece of info was acquired.
Interference theory
Forgetting is caused by one memory competing with or replacing another.
Retroactive interference
New memory interferes with old memory recall.
Proactive interference
Old memory interferes with new memory recall.
Suppression
Forgetting that occurs consciously. Deliberate attempt to not think about and remember specific info.
Repression
Unconscious forgetting. Memory is blocked and unavailable to consciousness.
Imagination inflation
Vividly imagining an event markedly increased confidence that the event actually occurred.
Encoding
Process of transforming info into a form that can be entered into the memory system
