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Psychology > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

Motor neurons

A

Communicate info from the central nervous system to the muscles

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2
Q

Neuron

A

Highly specialized cell that communicates info in electrical and chemical form

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3
Q

Cell body

A

The part of cell that processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function; contains the cells nucleus; also called the soma

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4
Q

Dentrites

A

The multiple short fibers that extend from a neuron’s cell body and receive info from other neuron’s or sensory receptor cells

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5
Q

Axon

A

The long, fluid-filled tube that carries messages to other body areas

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6
Q

Glial cells

A

The support cells that assist neuron’s by providing structural support, nutrition, and removal of cell wastes;
manufacture myelin

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7
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A white, fatty covering aroun axon of some neuron’s that increase their communication speed

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8
Q

Action potential

A

A brief electrical impulse by which info is transmitted along axon

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9
Q

Stimulus threshold

A

The min level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron

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10
Q

Resting potential

A

The state in which a neuron is prepared to activate and communicate it’s message if it receives sufficient stimulation.
-70 millivolts

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11
Q

Synapse

A

Point of communication between two neurons

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12
Q

Synaptic gap

A

Tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of an adjoining neuron

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13
Q

Axon terminals

A

The branches at end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs, called synaptic vesicles.

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14
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

The tiny pouches or sacs in axon terminals that contain chemicals called neurotransmitter

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15
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemicals messengers manufactured by a nueron

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16
Q

Synaptic transmission

A

The process through which neurotransmitters are released by one neuron, cross the synaptic gap, and affect adjoining neurons

17
Q

Reuptake

A

The process by which neurotransmitter molecular detach from a post synaptic neuron so they can be recycled and used again

18
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Learning, memory, muscle contractions

Alzheimer’s disease

19
Q

Dopamine

A

Movement, thought processes, rewarding sensations

Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, drug addiction

20
Q

Serotonin

A

Emotional states, sleep, sensory perception

Depression

21
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Physical arousal, learning, memory, regulation of sleep

Depression, stress

22
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory messages

Seizures, Alzheimer’s disease

23
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory messages

Anxiety disorder

24
Q

Endorphins

A

Pain perception, positive emotions

Opioid addiction

25
Q

Nervous system

A

The primary communication network of the body. Divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

26
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of neuron axons that carry info in the peripheral nervous system

27
Q

Central nervous system

A

The division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.

28
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

The division of the nervous system that includes all the nerves lying outside the central nervous system

29
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that communicates sensory info to the central nervous system and carries motor messages from the central nervous system to the muscles.

30
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary functions

31
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that produces rapid physical arousal in response to perceived emergencies or threats

32
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that maintains normal bodily functions and conserves the body’s physical resources

Psychology (16 decks)

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