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Workings of the Mind > Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

Detection of “raw” sensory info from the
environment

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2
Q

Perception

A

Understanding sensory info as meaningful
categories (“Meaningful” associations of raw sensory info)

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3
Q

Sensation is…

A

The process of detecting stimuli
– Environmental stimuli
– Internal stimuli (like hunger or pain)

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4
Q

Sensory Transduction

A

To sense the world, you must convert info from
the physical environment into neural impulses

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5
Q

Vision - Sensory Transduction

A
  • Photons of light
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6
Q

Hearing - Sensory Transduction

A

– Vibrations in the air

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7
Q

Taste and Smell - Sensory Transduction

A
  • Chemicals in air, water, and food
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8
Q

Touch - Sensory Transduction

A
  • Pressure, temperature, vibration
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9
Q

Rods

A

– light receptors that fire in response to
different light intensities (light vs. dark)

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10
Q

Cones

A

– light receptors that fire in response to
different light frequencies (colors)

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11
Q

Sound converted to neural signals with…

A

mechanical engineering

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12
Q

Sound waves move…

A

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

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13
Q

The Ear Drum…

A
  1. moves a set of three tiny bones (ossicles)
  2. Ossicles send waves through fluid in the cochlea
  3. The “ripples” cause receptors to move at different
    frequencies
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14
Q

Taste and smell converted into neural
signals through…

A

chemical detection

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15
Q

Taste

A
  • Taste buds detect chemicals in food
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16
Q

Smell

A
  • Receptors in the nasal cavity detect chemicals in the
    air
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17
Q

Sense of touch converted to neural signals by…

A

receptiors that get squished, stretched, and deformed

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18
Q

Nociception

A
  • Specialized receptors for detecting pain
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19
Q

Gate control theory of pain

A
  • Pain may be reduced by increasing other stimulation
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20
Q

Sensory Threshold

A
  • the minimum amount of detectable stimulus
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21
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

The absolute limit of sensory sensitivity
– What’s the quietest sound you could possibly hear?

22
Q

Difference Threshold

A

– “Relative Threshold” or “Just noticeable difference”
– The smallest detectable difference
– How much louder before it actually sounds louder?

23
Q

Perception is selective

A

TRUE, Different senses simultaneously active
– Only some things are actively perceive

24
Q

Bottom-up Processing

A

The features of the stimulus

25
Q

Top-down Processing

A

Influence of past knowledge, expectations, and experience

26
Q

Perception can use expectations to…

A

“fill in the blanks”

27
Q

You are always sensing multiple stimuli but…

A

only perceive specific stimuli

28
Q

The grey strawberries are an example of…

A

Top-down processing (our brain filling in the gaps)

29
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Perception involves how the mind organizes
patterns of sensations

30
Q

Law of Similarity

A
  • similar things appear grouped together
31
Q

Law of simplicity

A
  • Patterns are seen so the resulting structure is
    as simple as possible
32
Q

Law of Continuity

A
  • Lines tend to be seen as following the
    smoothest path
33
Q

Figure-Ground

A

Object recognition occurs by making
distinctions between the object and
the background

34
Q

Size Constancy

A

An object’s size seems constant despite the size of the raw visual image
– Knowledge of the object influences the perception of size

35
Q

The picture of two rats sitting on the railyard as the exact same size, seems to show a bigger rat in the distance is an example of…

A

size constancy.

36
Q

Shape Constancy

A

Object shape appears to remain the
same even though the visual image
changes

37
Q

Perception is a combination of…

A

bottom-up and
top-down processing

38
Q

Is color seen or perceived?

A

Percieved - The color you see depends on how your brain interprets it relative to other colors it’s seeing at
the same time

39
Q

Brain bases its interpretation of color on…

A

The amount of available light and the presence of other colors

40
Q

Your perception of color is only an estimate because…

A

the brain calculates what the color should look like

41
Q

Perceptions are…

A

Interpretations of raw sensory information

42
Q

Perceptual heuristics

A

“Automatic Shortcuts” the brain develops to interpret perceptions

43
Q

“light-from-above” perceptual heuristic

A
  • an image of hills flipped upside down will look like valleys based on how our brains have processed light to come from above
44
Q

Motion detection perceptual heuristic

A

Alternating patterns of light and dark is a good indication of motion - brains can be fooled into seeing motion

45
Q

Sine Wave Speech

A
  • Distorted versions of speech that can be
    understood if given prior expectation
46
Q

The McGurk Effect

A

Perception of language phonemes
altered by visual cues - the mouth moving a certain way makes us believe we hear different things

47
Q

Don’t necessarily see the world as it is, instead we…

A

see the world as you expect it to be

48
Q

Ch. 3 Disembodied Woman

A

removal of Gallbladder - put on antibiotics
She loses her proprioception
Loses her ability to move her body unless she deeply focuses on it
She needed to use her eyes to compensate.

49
Q

Proprioception

A

how our bodies continuously adjust and hold itself in space

50
Q

Dr. Sacks looks at the disembodied womans parietal lobe because it controls…

A

so much with physical.

Workings of the Mind (15 decks)

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