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Workings of the Mind > Non-Conscious > Flashcards

Non-Conscious Flashcards

1
Q

James Vicary’s “Study” of Subliminal Persuasion

A

Flashed “Drink Coca-Cola” and “Hungry? Eat Popcorn” every 5 seconds for 3 milliseconds during a movie
- Claimed sales of popcorn increase 58% and Coke increased 18%
- Was a hoax

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2
Q

Liminal

A
  • the threshold of perception
    • Able to consciously perceive
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3
Q

Subliminal

A
  • beneath the threshold of perception
    • Unable to be consciously perceived
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4
Q

Objective Threshold

A
  • Amount of signal for the stimulus to be detected at all
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5
Q

Subjective Threshold

A
  • Amount of signal for the stimulus to be consciously detected
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6
Q

Signal Detection Theory (SDT)

A
  • Sensitivity for detecting a target
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7
Q

Four Types Of Responses

A
  • Hit - its there and you saw it
  • Miss - its there and you missed it
  • False alarm - it is not there, but you saw it
  • Correct rejection - its not there and you didn’t see it
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8
Q

Subliminal Seduction - Wilson Bryan Key (1973)

A
  • Claimed to reveal subliminal sexual messages hidden in ads
  • Believed subliminal sex increased attraction to products
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9
Q

Power of top-down processing (False alarms)

A
  • Can see things that aren’t there if you really want to find them
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10
Q

Backward masking would…

A

Have no effect because the brain would not be able to process it - zero impact

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11
Q

In fact, there’s lots of evidence that…

A

our thoughts and behaviors can be influenced by things beyond our awareness

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12
Q

Priming is when ….

A

an idea is mentally “pre-activated”

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13
Q

Priming occurs in the….

A

preconscious (the information could be available to the conscious mind if attention was directed to it)

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14
Q

Ideas may be primed because of the strong links to other ideas

A
  • The word “nurse” primes the idea of “doctor” - By thinking about nurses, you are prepared to think about doctors
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15
Q

Priming can________ OR ______ processing

A

Speed up (congruent pair) / Slow down (incongruent pair)

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16
Q

Facilitative Priming Effect

A

Faster processing of info congruent with the prime

17
Q

Negative Priming Effect

A

Slower processing of info that is incongruent with the prime

18
Q

Lexical Decision Tasks

A

Words recognized faster when primed to a related word (compared to being primed with an unrelated word)

19
Q

Types of Priming

A

Evaluative, Semantic, and Mood Priming

20
Q

Evaluative priming

A
  • Use primes to measure valence of attitudes (good/bad)
  • If you like something, easier to pair with “good” things
  • If you dislike something, easier to pair with “bad” things
21
Q

Semantic Priming

A
  • Use of priming to measure content of stereotypes
  • Faster to respond to congruent pairs vs. incongruent pairs
  • Stereotypical associations act like congruent word pairs
  • Is it easier to link “African-American” with “Athletic” than “Patriotic”
  • “Women” with “Mother” easier than “Doctor”
22
Q

Mood Priming

A

Priming that influences moods and evaluations
- Physical feedback
- Pull towards vs. Pushing away from
- Like someone more when pulling towards self

23
Q

The Ideomotor Principle

A

Thinking about a behavior makes that behavior likely to occur

24
Q

Action Priming

A

Use of primes to influence or alter behavior

25
Q

Prime needs to be at….

A

objective threshold to be successful

26
Q

Primes need to be,,,

A

relevant and applicable to the situation

27
Q

“Lipton ice” vs. nonsense words flashed subliminally during a computer task

A

STUDY 1

  • Thirsty subjects more likely to choose Lipton over water
  • But, difference only for thirsty people

STUDY 2

Only people who liked Lipton tea and who were thirty were influenced by the prime

28
Q

One can be primed to walk slowly, be quiet, want to clean, be more kind or patient, buy more expensive goods

A

One can not be primed to completely change morals or make decisions that aren’t their own

29
Q

Marcel Results

A

Conscious mind can only process one meaning at a time
Non-conscious mind can process multiple things at a time

30
Q

Marcel Study (Subliminal vs. Conscious Processing)

A
  • Prime a word that has multiple meanings
    • “PALM” could be a part of a hand or a tree

Test and see the differences between liminal vs Subliminal primes

Workings of the Mind (15 decks)

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