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Workings of the Mind > Brain Basics > Flashcards

Brain Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Brain cell specialized in sending electrical signals

A

Neuron

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2
Q

Neurons fire with…

A

Action potential

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3
Q

Axons are covered in…

A

in fat (myelin)

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4
Q

Dendrites

A

Branches from the cell body that receive signals

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5
Q

Bundle of axons are called…

A

nerves

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6
Q

Neurons communicate over the small gap

A

synapse

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7
Q

Inhibitory

A

can decrease rate of fire

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8
Q

Excititory

A

can increase rate of fire

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9
Q

Neurotransmitters in the synapse can trigger…

A

an action potential

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10
Q

Resting Potential

A

The axon is “polarized” in its resting state - a negative charge

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11
Q

Depolarization

A
  • Ions channels active
  • Positive + ions enter
  • Creates net positive + charge
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12
Q

Repolarization

A
  • Positive + ions get “kicked out”
  • Begin return to negative charge
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13
Q

Hyperpolarization

A
  • Temporarily too much negative charge
  • Unable to fire again until returning to resting potential
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14
Q

Myelin - fat - helps send the signal…

A

faster
- Signal skips from node to node (node of raviner)

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15
Q

The peripheral nervous system contains…

A

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

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16
Q

Somatic Nervous System is associated with…

A

muscles and senses, sensory system, motor system

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17
Q

Autonomic Nervous system contains…

A
  • Sympathetic “Fight or Flight”
  • Parasympathetic “Rest and Digest
18
Q

Thalamus (subcortical regions)

A
  • Relay station - for sensory information
  • Sensory information sorted and shipped out
19
Q

Hypothalamus (subcortical regions)

A
  • Connected to pituitary gland
  • Allows brain to regulate hormones in the body
20
Q

Amygdala (subcortical regions)

A
  • Involved in processing emotional information
21
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • Involved in creating long-term memories
22
Q

Occipital lobe (neocortex)

A

(back of the brain)
- Vision
- Visual integration

23
Q

Temporal lobe

A

(temple, sides of head)
- Hearing
- Language comprehension
- Some visual perception

24
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

(top back / crown)
Somatosensory cortex
- Recieves touch info from the brain
- Sensory and Spatial awareness

25
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

(front / top)
- Decision making, planning, and reasoning
- Ability to regulate and control mental processes

26
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Large bundle of nerves that connect
the left and right hemispheres

27
Q

Broca’s Area

A

(Located in the left hemisphere of the frontal lobe)
- Controls ability to speak language
- Involved in producing language
- Will impact speaking and writing

28
Q

Wernicke’s area

A
  • Speaking words fluently but made no sense
  • Langauge comprehension (listening and reading)
  • Ability to communicate meaningful language to others
29
Q

Primary Recieving Areas

A
  • analyze “raw” sensory data
30
Q

VIsion Primary receiving area

A

Occipital lobe

31
Q

Hearing - Primary receiving areas

A

Temporal Lobe

32
Q

Touch - Primary receiving areas

A

Parietal Lobe

33
Q

Taste - Primary receiving areas

A

Temporal Lobe

34
Q

Smell - Primary receiving areas

A

Under frontal lobe (olfactory bulb)

35
Q

Association Areas…

A

make connections between the raw
data, so it’s understandable.

36
Q

Association areas for vision interpret…

A

info about shape, color, and motion
to see “a green car”, “a red rose”, etc..

37
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

an inability to recognize faces

38
Q

Visual Agnosias

A

Ability to see, vision is intact; however, damage to association areas means that people can not make out what they see

39
Q

The Patient in Ch. 1 - Dr. P

A

Visual perception, visual imagination and memory were damaged in how they connected to the personal and familiar
- Issues with recognition of faces
- Fail to see faces
- No signs of eye degeneration
- No obvious signs of Alzheimers

40
Q

Dr. Sacks states that Dr. P has…

A

Visual agnosia and prosopagnosia

41
Q

Dr. Sacks tests his vision by showing him…

A

pictures of famous individuals and loved ones, he can not recognize besides very obvious distinguishable features

42
Q

Dr. Sacks gives him a rose and a glove, and he…

A

is unsure what they both are.

Workings of the Mind (15 decks)

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