Memory Flashcards
Memories are perfect representations of past information
FALSE
Storage
Processes used to store and maintain information in memory
Encoding
Processes used to create the memory - what you are perceiving, seeing, hearing, feeling
Retrieval
Processes used to get information back out of memory
Sensory memory…
registers all or most information that hits our receptors. (collects it for short period of time)
Iconic -
visual sensory memory. Lasts about 1 second.
Persistence of vision - (iconic memory)
seeing sparklers trail of light. Being able to watch continuous frames (movies) as one thing.
Echoic -
Auditory sensory information.
Holds auditory information about 3-4 seconds to enable processing.
Short-Term Memory (STM) can include…
information recieved from sensory memory and information recalled from long term memory
Short-Term Memory (STM) lasts…
30 seconds,
Magic number for STM is…
7+/-2
Working memory model…
includes phonological loop, visuospatial sketch pad, and the central executive.
Working Memory is…
ability to work with information in short term memory
(reading, decision making, problem-solving)
Phonological loop…
holds verbal and sound information, “voice” you hear when reading or repeating things in your head.
Visuospatial sketchpad…
holds visual and spatial information. Allows you to hold a mental image of what things looked like.
Central executive…
guides attention (focus, switch, or divide).
Suppresses irrelevant information.
Long-term Memory
Contains the explicit and implicit memory
Explicit memory contains…
episodic and semantic memories.
Explicit memory is…
conscious
Implicit memory contains…
priming and conditioning, and procedural memory
Implicit memory is…
non-conscious
Semantic (Explicit memory)
General factual knowledge (dates, geography, etc.)
Episodic (Explicit memory)
Personal events, you relive them in your mind
Procedural Memory
Memory for skills like riding a bike and playing piano.
LTM creates _______________ to the neurons
physical changes
STM info is being stored entirely…
chemically
Synaptogenesis is…
the process of creating new connections between neurons
Forms of Amnesia…
Retrograde, Anterograde, Korsakov’s syndrome
Long-term potentiation
Neurons remember which neurons activate them, this threshold of activation lowers after repeated stimulation
(less signals need to be sent, those neurons connect easier)
Memory consolidation…
is the process of converting recent memories into “permanent” memories
Memory consolidation steps:
Recent memory stored as connections between hippocampus and cortex, need hippocampus to retrieve memory, over time, memory held as connections in cortext, memory is “uploaded” to the cortex
Anterograde Amnesia
Inability to create new memories
Retrograde Amnesia
inability to recall old memories
Korsakoff’s syndrome
Causes both anterograde and retrograde amnesia
Primacy Effects
better memory for info at the begginning of a list
Regency effects
Better memory for info at the end of list (still in STM)
Proactive interference
Previously learned information interferes with learning new information (learning to drive on the other side of the road)
Retroactive interference
When new information interferes with ability to remember old information (new info replaces the old info)
