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PSC3008 > seminar 5 - claudia racca > Flashcards

seminar 5 - claudia racca Flashcards

1
Q

what is vision

A

the transduction of visible light into neural signals, creating the perception of ‘what’ is ‘where’

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2
Q

the visual pathway:
the signal is sent from the retina down the optic nerves. the point where the two optic nerves meet is called the

A

optic chiasm

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3
Q

in the optic chiasm there is a…

A

crossing of some of the axons into the other side

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4
Q

what field of vision crosses over

A

the nasal field.
therefore everything from the right visual field goes to the left and everything from the left visual field goes to the right

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5
Q

therefore the right visual hemi field is view by which visual cortex

A

the left visual cortex (and vice versa)

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6
Q

the optic tract the goes through what part of the thalamus?

A

the lateral geniculate body

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7
Q

the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

A
  • there are two of them (one for each side)
  • projections are kept separate in contralateral layers and ipsilateral layers
  • contains three different types of cells, corresponding to three different types of layers
  • maintains topographic mapping of the visual world
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8
Q

how many layers is the LGN divided in to

A

6 layers

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9
Q

there are projections to each layer from different parts of the retina
information from the contralateral eye foes to layers…

A

1, 4 and 6

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10
Q

information from the ipsilateral eye goes to layers..

A

2, 3 and 5

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11
Q

segregation of input by retinal ganglion cell type:
M type retinal ganglion cells project to layers…

A

1 and 2 (magnocellular layers)

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12
Q

P type retinal ganglion cells project to layers…

A

3-6 (parvocellular layers)

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13
Q

6 koniocellular layers which are…

A

in between the other layers

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14
Q

all LGN layers project to the…

A

visual cortex

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15
Q

what does the LGN do

A

brings retinotopic maps from both eyes into register to make it easy for the cortex to combine inputs from the two eyes

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16
Q

the visual cortex has five areas

A

V1 (primary visual cortex) to V5

17
Q

different names for the primary visual cortex

A

V1
striate cortex
broadmann area 17

18
Q

the primary visual cortex is at the back of the brain and runs along the…

A

calcarine fissure

19
Q

retinotopy:

A

neighbouring cells in the retina relay information to neighbouring places in different brain structures (LGN, V1)

20
Q

the retinal foveal area is ________ in central targets

A

magnified

21
Q

how many layers of V1 are there

A

6

22
Q

layer 4 is subdivided into a, b and c
and the c part is further divided into…

A

alpha and beta

23
Q

why is layer 4 important

A

it is where the input from the LGN comes into the visual cortex

24
Q

what is the stria of gennari

A

band of myelinated axons from LGN cells running parallel to the surface of the cortex along calcarine fissure of the occipital lobe

25
Q

there are three basic types of neurons in V1

A

spiny pyramidal cells
spiny stellate cells
smooth or sparsely spinous interneurons

26
Q

spiny pyramidal cells are…

A

excitatory and mainly outside layer 4C

27
Q

spiny stellate cells are…

A

excitatory and mainly in layer 4C

28
Q

smooth or sparsely spinout interneurons are…

A

almost all GABAergic and in all layers

29
Q

the magnocellular layers in the LGN (layers 1 and 2) project to which layer in V1

A

4Calpha

30
Q

the parvocellular layers in the LGN (3-6) project to…

A

4Cbeta

31
Q

koniocellular layers project to…

A

layer 2 and 3 in V1

32
Q

layer 4Calpha then projects mainly to…

A

layer 4B

33
Q

layer 4Cbeta then projects mainly to…

A

layer 3

34
Q

outputs of V1

A

layers 2-3 and 4B pyramidal cells output to other cortical areas
layer 5 pyramidal cells output to the superior colliculus and pons
layer 6 pyramidal cells out put to the lateral genicular nucleus

35
Q

in layer 2 and 3 of V1 there are cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs.
what are they

A

a mitochondrial enzyme used for cell metabolism

36
Q

CO blobs correspond to neurons with a high concentration

A

CO

37
Q

between blobs there are

A

interblob regions

38
Q

blobs receive direct input from…

A

LGN koniocellular layers and parvocellular and magnocellular input from layer 4C of V1

39
Q
A

PSC3008 (28 decks)

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