lecture 1 - claudia racca Flashcards
what are the functions of the NS
monitors internal and external environments
integrates sensory information
coordinated voluntary and involuntary responses of other organ systems
what are the two subdivisions of the NS
CNS and PNS
what does the CNS include
brain and spinal cord
what does the CNS control
intelligence, memory, emotion etc
what does the PNS control
motor
what is the largest part of the brain
the cerebrum
what does the cerebrum carry out
higher functions e.g vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, memory, control of movement etc
where is the cerebellum positioned
under the cerebrum
what does the cerebellum do
coordinates muscle movements, maintains posture and balance
what does the brain stem consist of
the midbrain, pons and medulla
what does the brain stem act as
a relay centre that connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord
the brainstem carries out many _________ functions
autonomic
e.g breathing, HR etc
how many of the cranial nerves originate in the brain stem
10 out of the 12
what is the lateral view of the brain
from the side
what is the ventral view of the brain
from underneath
what is the midsagittal view of the brain
through the middle
what is the dorsal view of the brain
from the top
what does the central sulcus divide
the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
is grey matter on the inside or outside
the outside
what are the different types of cells in the CNS and PNS
neurons and glial cells
what are the different types of glial cells
ependymal cells
microglia
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes + schwann cells
what do ependymal cells do
line ventricles
guide cell migration during development
what are microglia
phagocytic cells
which glial cell is the largest and most abundant
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes are in the CNS and shwann cells are in the PNS, they both have to same function. what is it
myelination
the majority of neurons are post mitotic. what does that mean?
they dont divide anymore
how are neurons different to other cells
post mitotic
have excitable membranes
have axon and dendrites
synapses between cells
they release NTs
where on a neuron receives inputs
dendrites
what takes outputs out the cell
axon
what are the three types of cytoskeleton filaments
microfilaments (substances attach to them then slide along microtubules)
neurofilaments
microtubules (aid transport down axon)
what molecules make up microtubules
tubulin molecule
what molecules make up microfilaments
actin molecules
neurons can be spiny, what does this mean
they have spines which are neuronal protrusions, they each receive input from one excitatory synapse
how can we classify neurons
by neurite number
by dendritic tree (e.g pyramid shaped)
by axon length
by NT type
are glial cells excitable cells
no
which type of glial cells fill almost all of the space between neurons
astrocytes
what do astrocytes do
induce, stabilise and modulate neuronal connections
recycle NTs - possess NT receptors themselves
regulate blood flow to areas of neuronal activity
control CNS regeneration
