lecture 1 - claudia racca Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the NS

A

monitors internal and external environments
integrates sensory information
coordinated voluntary and involuntary responses of other organ systems

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2
Q

what are the two subdivisions of the NS

A

CNS and PNS

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3
Q

what does the CNS include

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

what does the CNS control

A

intelligence, memory, emotion etc

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5
Q

what does the PNS control

A

motor

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6
Q

what is the largest part of the brain

A

the cerebrum

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7
Q

what does the cerebrum carry out

A

higher functions e.g vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, memory, control of movement etc

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8
Q

where is the cerebellum positioned

A

under the cerebrum

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9
Q

what does the cerebellum do

A

coordinates muscle movements, maintains posture and balance

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10
Q

what does the brain stem consist of

A

the midbrain, pons and medulla

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11
Q

what does the brain stem act as

A

a relay centre that connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord

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12
Q

the brainstem carries out many _________ functions

A

autonomic
e.g breathing, HR etc

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13
Q

how many of the cranial nerves originate in the brain stem

A

10 out of the 12

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14
Q

what is the lateral view of the brain

A

from the side

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15
Q

what is the ventral view of the brain

A

from underneath

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16
Q

what is the midsagittal view of the brain

A

through the middle

17
Q

what is the dorsal view of the brain

A

from the top

18
Q

what does the central sulcus divide

A

the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

19
Q

is grey matter on the inside or outside

A

the outside

20
Q

what are the different types of cells in the CNS and PNS

A

neurons and glial cells

21
Q

what are the different types of glial cells

A

ependymal cells
microglia
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes + schwann cells

22
Q

what do ependymal cells do

A

line ventricles
guide cell migration during development

23
Q

what are microglia

A

phagocytic cells

24
Q

which glial cell is the largest and most abundant

A

astrocytes

25
Q

oligodendrocytes are in the CNS and shwann cells are in the PNS, they both have to same function. what is it

A

myelination

26
Q

the majority of neurons are post mitotic. what does that mean?

A

they dont divide anymore

27
Q

how are neurons different to other cells

A

post mitotic
have excitable membranes
have axon and dendrites
synapses between cells
they release NTs

28
Q

where on a neuron receives inputs

A

dendrites

29
Q

what takes outputs out the cell

A

axon

30
Q

what are the three types of cytoskeleton filaments

A

microfilaments (substances attach to them then slide along microtubules)
neurofilaments
microtubules (aid transport down axon)

31
Q

what molecules make up microtubules

A

tubulin molecule

32
Q

what molecules make up microfilaments

A

actin molecules

33
Q

neurons can be spiny, what does this mean

A

they have spines which are neuronal protrusions, they each receive input from one excitatory synapse

34
Q

how can we classify neurons

A

by neurite number
by dendritic tree (e.g pyramid shaped)
by axon length
by NT type

35
Q

are glial cells excitable cells

A

no

36
Q

which type of glial cells fill almost all of the space between neurons

A

astrocytes

37
Q

what do astrocytes do

A

induce, stabilise and modulate neuronal connections
recycle NTs - possess NT receptors themselves
regulate blood flow to areas of neuronal activity
control CNS regeneration