Seminar 4

Question 1

Depression Affective

Answer 1

mood is sad depressed

Question 2

Depression cognitive

Answer 2

thinking about self is negative i.e. feeling worthless, critical of self, low self esteem, thoughts about death, poor memory and concentration.

Question 3

Behavioural

Answer 3

social withdrawal

Question 4

Physical functioning

Answer 4

changes in appetite (both over & under eating)

Question 5

Vicious cycle of depression

Answer 5

feelings bodily responses behaviour and thoughts back to feelings

Question 6

Mood disorders

Answer 6

Unipolar depression: (major depression) the person is affected in their mood, thinking, physical and behavioural functioning

Question 7

Bipolar disorder

Answer 7

the persons suffers between cycles of depression and mania – this is where the person are very (hyper) active & feels intensely happy for no reason.

Question 8

Depressive Disorders - DSM 5

Answer 8

Major Depressive Disorder
Single
Recurrent

Persistent depressive Disorder (dysthimia)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Question 9

Unipolar depression

Answer 9

Affects approx. 5% of the population

Approximately every 4th woman and 8th man get depressed at least once in their lifetime

Question 10

Diagnostic criteria 
Major depressive episode DSM 5

Answer 10

Significant weight loss/gain
Insomnia / hipersomnia
Psychomotor agitation / retartdation
Fatique or loss of energy

Question 11

Bipolar and Related Disorders – DSM 5

Answer 11

Bipolar I Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder

Question 12

Manic episode

Answer 12

Mania is the complete opposite to depression, but it is not a pleasant ‘high’. This is a misconception.

Question 13

Cognitive symptoms

Answer 13

Thought processes can be quite severely disrupted
Can have delusional ideas e.g. believing they are a famous person
May think that other people are trying to harm or kill them
Voices in head or visual hallucinations
May make reckless and irrational decisions showing little regard for the effect of these on others

Question 14

Emotional symptoms

Answer 14

In the manic state – will feel marvellous!
Therefore will strongly deny that there is anything wrong with them
May become irritable with those around them who try to intervene
Lack of guilt

Question 15

Behavioural symptoms

Answer 15

Marked increase in work, sexual and social activity
May become more talkative and speak faster
May become reckless with negative consequences
An inability to remain still or quiet
Can be a loss of social inhibitions

Question 16

Physical symptoms

Answer 16

During this phase the person will tend to sleep very little and have increased energy levels

Question 17

Bipolar Depression:
Symptoms and Diagnosis

Answer 17

Affects approx. 1% of the population
Affects men and women equally
Bipolar 1 disorder vs. Bipolar 2 disorder

Question 18

Manic episode 
Diagnostic Criteria DSM 5

Answer 18

Unusual talkativeness; rapid speech
Distractibility; attention easily diverted
Less than usual amount of sleep needed
Inflated self-esteem; belief that one has special talents, powers and abilities

Question 19

Depression

Answer 19

An undertreated disease

An underdiagnosed disease

Question 20

The vicious circle of somatic complaints in depression

Answer 20

Depression
Somatic dysfunctions in depression
Somatic complaints, eg.
Pessimistic cognitive appraisal
Depression

Question 21

Causes: Psychosocial AND biological aspects (activity!)

Answer 21

e.g. negative life 
experience,
personality
e.g. acute psycho-
social burden, stress

e.g. genetical factors
e.g. hyperactivity of the
axis of stress hormones

Question 22

Treatment of depression

Answer 22

Pharmacotherapy (antidepressives and mood stabilizers).

Psychotherapy (Cognitive behavioural therapy and Interpersonal Therapy with best evidence base)

Question 23

Beck’s Model of Depression (1979)
 ‘The Cognitive Triad’

Answer 23

Negative Triad (3 negative schemata)
negative view of the self
negative view of the world
negative view of the future

Question 24

Albert Ellis

Answer 24

“I must be successful, competent and achieving in everything I do if I am to consider myself worthwhile”