Lecture 2 Flashcards
Psychoanalysts
Studying human functioning and behaviour. Investigate the mind.
Freud’s conception of the human psyche
Conscious, Preconscious (Superego, Ego) Unconscious (Id)
ID, EGO, & Superego
ID: I want (Biological instinct)
EGO: I can (psychological intelligence)
Superego: I ought to (social/moral and institutional v. individual)
Psychosexual development
Oral: First year of life of the libido (stimulated by mucous membrane of our mouth)
Anal: 2-3 years gained from anus excretion and retention of faeces.
Phallic: 3-4 Erotic pleasure from the genitals
Latency/forgetful: 5 years until puberty: psychosexual desires are forgotten.
Puberty: Development of sexual behaviour
Free association method
Replaced hypnosis, Associations point to inner conflict within the patient. e.g. star –> bright, movie, universe, cluster, and ray
Freudian slips
common mistakes e.g. say the wrong word or forgetting names or wright something else than we intended
interpretation of dreams
Book by Freud to interpretative meanings of dreams.
Interpretation of symbols
Bridge: male organ that connects two parents in intercourse or something weird.
Defense mechanism
Various reactions to deal with an unpleasant situation.
Suppression
: I hate him but I will be nice to him.
Rationalisation:
explanations to justify his behaviour (he is cruel in order to push us)
Reaction formation:
opposite feeling “He is great”
Sublimation:
redirect feeling into something socially productive like writing a poem.
Projection:
I hate the professor so someone else have the same opinion as me.
Intellectualisation
rationalisation only more thinking.
Isolation of affect:
Think the feeling but don’t feel it (I guess I hate him)
Denial:
I am not angry with him.
Undoing:
Do something that shows the opposite feeling.
Displacement
Redirect your feelings e.g. your wife
Regression:
immature response to ventilate your feelings.
Transference
Unconscious redirection of feelings for one person to another “you look like my grandchild”
Countertransference
The doctor responds to redirected feelings by acting as the individual e.g. grandson
Carl Gustav Jung
Founder of analytical psychology: Jungian psychology and collective unconscious
Alfred Adler
Inferiority and superiority
children feeling inferior due to size and strive for superiority
Radical Behaviourists:
No mental concept and only observe external behaviour. Control stimulus and record response SR psychology
Behaviouralist key figures:
Pavlov Watson and Skinner
Köhler
Insight learning, monkeys using tools to reach banana.
Humanistic School (Carl Rogers and Maslow)
Holistic (person centred approach), empathise with patient, everyone is good and can resolve personal problems.
Carl Rogers
Rogerian therapy:
Congruence (genuine with patient)
Empathy: Feel what patient feels.
Respect: unconditional positive regard toward the patient
Maslow
Pyramid
Transpersonal school
Spiritual aspect of the human experience (religion)
Most integrated complete psychology or positive psychology since it integrates the whole spectrum of human development.
