Seminar 1 Flashcards
What is development?
Growth of humans throughout the lifespan, from conception to death
Psychoanalytic theories focus?
Importance of unconscious mind and childhood experiences
Sigmund Freud’s contribution to developmental theories?
Psychosexual stages
What is libido?
Pleasure seeking drive driven unconsciously
What are the psychosexual stages?
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Puberty /Genital
Oral Phase
Stimulation of mucus membrane of the mouth
Anal
Pleasure gained from excretion of faeces
Phallic
Erotic pleasure from genitals
Latency
5 years to puberty with inactive psychosexual desires.
Genital/puberty
normal heterosexual development
Oedipus complex
Unconscious desire to kill his father and sleep with his mother (ID)
Electra complex
Reversed for girls, desire to kill mother and sleep with their father. Girls believe that they have penis envy since they already got castrated.
Erik Homburger
Trust vs. Mistrust (their caregivers)
Autonomy vs. doubt (developed self sufficiency by eating and pooping by them selves)
Industry vs. inferiority (develop competence and master new skills)
Identity vs. Role confusion (develop personal identify and sense on self)
Intimacy vs. isolation
Generativity vs. stagnation
Integrity vs. despair
Learning Theories
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social Learning
Classical conditioning
Pavlov’s Dogs
Operant conditioning
Positive & negative reinforcement
Albert Bandura
Cognitive behaviourism
Personality is determined by 3 things: Environment, behaviour, and psychological process
Cognitive Theories Stages
Jean Piaget
Sensory motor: Differentiate self from objects
Pre-operational (2-7 years): Use language and words to represent objects and images.
Concrete operational 7-11: Think logically about objects and events
Formal operational 11-now: logically thinking about abstract propositions and test ideas systematically
Criticisms of Freud
He didn’t observe children but only adult, also his theories couldn’t be supported by empirical evidence. He also only focused on adult males not females.
Criticism of Piaget
He observed only his own children, in addition the other children he did observe were from rich well educated families
Piaget’s legacy
Generated interest in child development and developmental psychology
