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Anatomy > Semester Exam: membrane functions/structures > Flashcards

Semester Exam: membrane functions/structures Flashcards

1
Q

plasma membrane

A

lipid and protein bilayer, changing fluid mosaic

seperates intrecellular and extracellular fluid

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2
Q

membrane lipids

A

phospholipids
glycolipids
cholesterol

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3
Q

phospholipids

A

Phosphate heads: polar and hydrophilic

Fatty acid tails: nonpolar and hydrophobic

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4
Q

glycolipids

A

Lipids with polar sugar groups on outer membrane surface

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5
Q

cholesterol

A

Increases membrane stability and fluidity

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6
Q

integral proteins

A

inserted in membrane, function transporting proteins, enzymes, or receptors

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7
Q

peripheral proteins

A

loosely attached to integral proteins

Include filaments on intracellular surface and glycoproteins on extracellular surface

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8
Q

peripheral proteins function

A

enzymes, motor proteins, support

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9
Q

functions of membrane proteins

A

Transport
Receptors for signal transduction
Attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

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10
Q

membrane junctions three types

A

tight
desmosome
gap

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11
Q

tight junctions

A

Impermeable junctions Prevent fluids and most molecules from moving between cells

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12
Q

desmosomes

A

rivets that anchor cells together

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13
Q

gap junctions

A

Transmembrane proteins form pores that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell, communicating junctions

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14
Q

passive transport

A

No cellular energy (ATP) required

Substance moves down its concentration gradient

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15
Q

active transport

A

Energy (ATP) required

Occurs only in living cell membranes

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16
Q

What determines whether or not a substance can passively permeate a membrane?

A

Lipid solubility of substance
Channels of appropriate size
Carrier proteins

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17
Q

passive transport types

A

Simple diffusion
Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion
Channel-mediated facilitated diffusion
Osmosis

18
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

Nonpolar lipid-soluble (hydrophobic) substances diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer

19
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Certain lipophobic molecules (e.g., glucose, amino acids, and ions) use carrier proteins or channel proteins

20
Q

both channel proteins and carrier proteins

A 
Exhibit specificity (selectivity)
Are saturable; rate is determined by number of carriers or channels
21
Q

Facilitated Diffusion Using Carrier Proteins

A

Transmembrane integral proteins transport specific polar molecules (e.g., sugars and amino acids)
Binding of substrate causes shape change in carrier

22
Q

Aqueous channels formed by transmembrane proteins selectively transport

A

ions or water

23
Q

Facilitated Diffusion Using Channel Proteins two types

A

Leakage channels
Always open
Gated channels
Controlled by chemical or electrical signals

24
Q

osmosis

A

Movement of solvent (water) across a selectively permeable membrane

25
Q

Water diffuses through plasma membranes:

A

Through the lipid bilayer

Through water channels called aquaporins

26
Q

osmolarity

A

`The measure of total concentration of solute particles

27
Q

tonicity

A

The ability of a solution to cause a cell to shrink or swell

28
Q

Isotonic

A

A solution with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol

29
Q

Hypertonic

A

A solution having greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol

30
Q

Hypotonic

A

A solution having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytosol

31
Q

cells in isotonic solution

A

Cells retain their normal size and
shape in isotonic solutions (same
solute/water concentration as inside
cells; water moves in and out).

32
Q

cells in hypertonic solution

A 
Cells lose water by osmosis and 
shrink in a hypertonic solution 
(outside contains a higher concentration 
of solutes than are present inside 
the cells)
33
Q

cells in hypotonic solution

A 
Cells take on water by osmosis until
they become bloated and burst (lyse)
in a hypotonic solution (outside contains a
lower concentration of solutes than
are present in cells).
34
Q

Cotransport

A

always transports more than one substance at a time

35
Q

Symport system

A

Two substances transported in same direction

36
Q

antiport system

A

Two substances transported in opposite directions

37
Q

vesicular transport

A

Transport of large particles, macromolecules, and fluids across plasma membranes
Requires ATP

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

out of cell

39
Q

endocytosis

40
Q

transcytosis

A

transport into,across, and then out of cell

41
Q

Phagocytosis

A

pseudopods engulf solids and bring them into cell’s interior

food, macrophages, white blood cell

42
Q

pinocytosis

A

bringing extracellular fluid and solutes into interior of the cell
Nutrient absorption in the small intestine

Anatomy (29 decks)

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