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respiratory system part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system parts

A

Pulmonary ventilation

external respiration

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2
Q

circulatory system parts

A

transport

internal respiration

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3
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

movement of air into and out of the lungs

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4
Q

external respiration

A

O2 and CO2 exchange between the lungs and the blood

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5
Q

internal respiration

A

O2 and CO2 exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues

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6
Q

major organs involved in respiration

A 
nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi and their branches
Lungs and alveoli
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7
Q

respiratory zone

A

site of gas exchange

bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

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8
Q

conductig zone

A

conduits to gas exchange sites

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9
Q

respiratory muscles

A

diaphragm and other muscles that promote ventilation

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10
Q

nose two regions

A

external nose and nasal cavity

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11
Q

External nose parts

A

root, bridge, dorsum nasi, and apex

philtrum and nostrils

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12
Q

Philtrum

A

a shallow vertical groove inferior to the apex

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13
Q

nasal cavity parts

A

in and posterior to the external nose
Divided by a midline nasal septum
Posterior nasal apertures (choanae) open into the nasal pharynx
floor and roof

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14
Q

nasal floor and roof

A

Roof: ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Floor: hard and soft palates

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15
Q

Vestibule

A

nasal cavity superior to the nostrils

Vibrissae filter coarse particles from inspired air

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16
Q

Olfactory mucosa

A

Lines the superior nasal cavity

Contains smell receptors

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17
Q

Respiratory mucosa cells

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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18
Q

Respiratory mucosa

parts and functiona

A

Mucous and serous secretions contain lysozyme and defensins
Cilia move contaminated mucus posteriorly to throat
Inspired air is warmed by plexuses of capillaries and veins
Sensory nerve endings triggers sneezing

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19
Q

parts of pharynx top to bottom

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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20
Q

Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

functions

A

Protrude from the lateral walls
Increase mucosal area
Enhance air turbulence

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21
Q

During inhalation, the conchae and nasal mucosa

A

Filter, heat, and moisten air

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22
Q

During exhalation the conchae and nasal mucosa

A

reclaim heat and moisture

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23
Q

Pharynx location

A

Muscular tube that connects to the
Nasal cavity and mouth superiorly
Larynx and esophagus inferiorly
From the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra

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24
Q

Larynx location

A

Attaches to the hyoid bone and opens into the laryngopharynx
Continuous with the trachea

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25
larynx functions
Provides a patent airway Routes air and food into proper channels Voice production
26
Cartilages of the larynx
Hyaline cartilage except for the epiglottis Thyroid cartilage with laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple) Ring-shaped cricoid cartilage
27
Epiglottis
elastic cartilage; covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing
28
cricotomy
puncture hole between adams apple and cricoid cartilage in order to allow breathing when air way blocked
29
Vocal ligaments of larynx
Contain elastic fibers Form core of vocal folds (true vocal cords) Opening between them is the glottis Folds vibrate to produce sound as air rushes up from the lungs
30
Vestibular folds (false vocal cords) of larynx
Superior to the vocal folds No part in sound production Help to close the glottis during swallowing
31
Speech
release of expired air while opening and closing the glottis
32
Pitch is determined by
length and tension of the vocal cords
33
Loudness depends upon
force of air
34
what enhances sound quality
Chambers of pharynx, oral, nasal, and sinus cavities
35
Sound is “shaped” into language by
muscles of the pharynx, tongue, soft palate, and lips
36
Valsalva’s maneuver
Glottis closes to prevent exhalation Abdominal muscles contract Intra-abdominal pressure rises Helps to empty the rectum or stabilizes the trunk during heavy lifting
37
trachea
wind pipe
38
trachea wall compose of three layers
mucosa submucosa adventitia
39
mucosa
ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
40
submucosa
connective tissue with seromucous glands
41
Adventitia
outermost layer made of connective tissue that encases the C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
42
bronchi and subdivisions
Air passages undergo 23 orders of branching | Branching pattern called the bronchial (respiratory) tree
43
Conducting Zone Structures
trachea branches unto right and left main primary each main bronchi branches into lobar (secundary branches) Each lobar bronchus branches into segmental (tertiary) bronchi which divide repeatedly
44
compare right and left main bronchi
Right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left
45
Each lobar bronchus supplies
one lobe
46
Bronchioles diameter
less than 1 mm in diameter
47
Terminal bronchioles diameter
are the smallest, less than 0.5 mm diameter
48
left lung lobe divided into
two parts, superior lobe and inferior lobe seperated by oblique fissure
49
right lung divided into
superior lobe, middle lobe, and inferior lobe separated by oblique and horizontal fissure
50
changes that occur from bronchi through bronchioles
Cartilage rings give way to plates; cartilage is absent from bronchioles Epithelium changes from pseudostratified columnar to cuboidal; cilia and goblet cells become sparse Relative amount of smooth muscle increases
51
main site for gas exchange
alvioli
52
Respiratory Membrane
~0.5-m-thick air-blood barrier | Alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
53
Alveolar walls | cells
Single layer of squamous epithelium (type I cells)
54
cuboidal cells
secrete surfactant and antimicrobial proteins
55
alveoli
Surrounded by fine elastic fibers Contain open pores for pressure to equalize House alveolar macrophages that keep alveolar surfaces sterile
56
two forces against inflation of alvioli
elasticity (make ballon push out air) | surface tension of water ( water stays together, 15x harder to breathe w/o surfactant
57
lungs
Occupy all of the thoracic cavity except the mediastinum
58
root
site of vascular and bronchial attachments
59
costal surface
anterior, lateral, and posterior surfaces
60
apex
superior tip
61
base
inferior surface that rests on the diaphragm
62
hilum
on mediastinal surface; site for attachment of blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
63
Cardiac notch of left lung
contains heart
64
smallest subdivision of lung
lobules
65
pulmonary circulation
handles blood supply, Pulmonary arteries deliver systemic venous blood Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from respiratory zones to the heart Bronchial arteries provide oxygenated blood to lung tissue Pulmonary veins carry most venous blood back to the heart
66
Pleurae
Thin, double-layered serosa
67
Parietal pleura
on thoracic wall and superior face of diaphragm
68
Visceral pleura
on external lung surface
69
pleural fluid
Pleural fluid fills the slitlike pleural cavity | Provides lubrication and surface tension

Anatomy (29 decks)

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