blood vessels part 1

Question 1

blood path of arteries

Answer 1

arteries
to arterioles
to capillaries

Question 2

Blood path drained

Answer 2

capillary beds drained by venules
to veins
to great veins

Question 3

largest to smallest of veins and arteries

Answer 3

veins; 
great vein 
vein
venule
capillary
arteries:
elastic artery
muscular artery
arteriole
capillary

Question 4

vessel anatomy

Answer 4

oiutermost to innermost layer: tunica externa
tunica media
tunica intima endothelium
venules and arterioles only have the first and last layer
capillaries only endothelium

Question 5

tunica intima

Answer 5

Lines the lumen or interior – endothelium - slick

Question 6

tunica media

Answer 6

Smooth muscle – changes diameter of the vessels – increases or decreases blood pressure

Question 7

tunica externa

Answer 7

Composed of fibrous connective tissue – supports and protects the vessels

Question 8

blood volume porportions greatest to least

Answer 8

veins and venules (65%)
arteries and arterioles (13%)
pulmonary vessels 9
heart and capillaries 7

Question 9

velocity flow on chart

Answer 9

fast through arteries and arterioles, slow through capillaries, fast through venules and veins

Question 10

blood pressure on chart

Answer 10

high blood pressure at arteries, low through capillaries and veins

Question 11

surface area to volume on chart

Answer 11

small surface area to volume ratio all except high at capillaries

Question 12

what factors affect diffusion happening at capillary beds

Answer 12

low pressure
high surface area to volume ratio
slow moving
very thin (one cell thick)

Question 13

why are artery walls much thicker than veins

Answer 13

Must be able to expand as blood is forced into them and recoil passively (aids circulation)
Tunica Media is heavier
veins not exposed to high pressure

Question 14

Elastic arteries characteristics

Answer 14

– largest diameter, lowest resistance, elasticity contributes to maintain blood pressure, “auxiliary pumps”, not involved in vasoconstriction

Question 15

muscular arteries

Answer 15

“distributing arteries,” involved in vasoconstriction/dilation to small exten

Question 16

Arteriole

Answer 16

most resistance, main agent of vasoconstriction/dilation to control blood flow to specific regions

Question 17

arteriole controlled by

Answer 17

Controlled by hormone, nerve, chemical influences

think cold hands/nose/ears during thermoregulation

Question 18

Why do capillaries have less resistance than arterioles

Answer 18

The change in diameter between arterioles to capillaries is smaller, shorter blood vessels, and less pressure all contribute

Question 19

Vein Valves

Answer 19

Found only in lower limbs to help oppose force of gravity while upright.

Question 20

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 20

“hardening of the arteries

Question 21

Atherosclerosis

Answer 21

clogged arteries, plaque build up

Question 22

treatment for plaque build up

Answer 22

stent

Question 23

varicose veins

Answer 23

bulging, swollen, purple, ropy veins, seen just under your skin, caused by damaged valves within the veins
also old age

Question 24

Aneurysm

Answer 24

aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in the wall of a blood vessel

most common in aorta

Question 25

aneurysm treatments

Answer 25

stent fill with rope block off flow

Question 26

Raynaud’s

Answer 26

spasms of the small arteries of the fingers and toes, brought on by exposure to cold or excitement white cold fingers

Question 27

blood flow

Answer 27

volume of blood flowing through

Question 28

Blood Pressure

Answer 28

force exerted on vessel walls

Question 29

Resistance

Answer 29

opposition to flow (friction)

Question 30

Resistance influenced by

Answer 30

blood viscosity | blood vessel length & diameter

Question 31

Vital signs

Answer 31

pulse and blood pressure, along with respiratory rate and body temperature

Question 32

pulse

Answer 32

pressure wave caused by the expansion and recoil of arteries

Question 33

Hypotension

Answer 33

low blood pressure Systolic pressure below 100 mm Hg Often associated with long life and lack of cardiovascular illness

Question 34

Hypertension

Answer 34

high blood pressure Sustained elevated arterial pressure of 140/90 or higher May be transient adaptations during fever, physical exertion, and emotional upset Often persistent in obese people

Question 35

Prolonged hypertension is a major cause of

Answer 35

heart arrhythmias, heart failure, vascular disease, renal failure, and stroke

Question 36

Hypotension can cause

Answer 36

Loss of consciousness Fatigue, dizziness, lethargy Prolonged low BP can lead to loss of organ function due to insufficient perfusion

Question 37

Circulatory Shock

Answer 37

Blood vessels are inadequately filled Blood cannot circulate normally Results in inadequate blood flow to meet tissue needs

Question 38

perfusion triangle

Answer 38

heart blood vessels blood