Semester 1 Final Flashcards
What is the path the CR travels from the tube to the IR?
Projection
The difference between the densities or grays on the radiograph
Contrast
The visibility of small structures on a radiograph
detail
ASRT stands for?
American Society of Radiologic Technologists
Another term for the film used in diagnostic radiography is the?
Image Receptor
The term density or optical density refers to the overall _________ in radiography
darkness
An antiseptic is responsible for inhibiting the growth of?
Pathogens
The left anterior oblique position would have the patient assume the position of?
Prone with right hip elevated
When magnification is present on the radiograph the ____ has increased
OID
A general term for a patient lying on their back with the CR above them is?
Supine
What is the main controlling factor of density on a radiograph?
mAs
3 instances when gonad shielding is required?
IF the patient has reasonable reproductive potential, if the clinical objective of the exam is not compromised, If the glands lie within or close to about 5cm from the primary x-ray field
The appropriate age to ask possibility of pregnancy in females at wheeling hospital is?
13-50
Appropriate age to apply the gonad shield is?
0-50
How can involuntary motion be controlled by the radiographer?
Limit time exposure
What means right on top of each other?
superimposition
Treat all persons wight he idea in mind that there could be the passing of a contaminating organism
Standard precautions
Source to skin distance shall not be less than __ inches and should not be less than ___ inches according to the National Council on Radiation Protection
12/15
Which of the following factors controls the penetration factor of the x-ray beam?
kVp
What are 2 reasons that collimation is important in radiology?
limits the radiation that leaves the tube and enters the patient, limits extra scatter unecessary radiation from leaving a gray fog on the film.
When a patients body is neither frontal nor lateral it is said to be?
Oblique
What does PBL stand for?
Positive Beam Limitation
A central ray that is angled towards the patients feet is?
Caudal
Can Radiopaque be seen on an x-ray?
Yes
Can radiolucent be seen on an x-ray?
No
What pushes the diaphragm down? Inspiration or Expiration?
Inspiration
What does AEC control?
Controls amount of mAs, shuts off when full of radiation
What does D.O.H.E.L.P. stand for?
Double identifiers, Orders, History, Explain Exam, Lead Shielding, Pregnancy
When a patient is laying face down.
Prone
What term refers to the enlargement of structures on a radiograph?
Magnification
When SID is increased magnification is?
decreased
When OID is increased magnification is?
increased
The controlling factor of film density is?
MAS
The controlling factor of film contrast is?
kVp
Patient started on their back and rolls halfway onto their left side so that their back and side is still partially in contact wight the table is what position?
LPO
What is the medical abbreviation for a heart attack?
MI
What is the medical abbreviation for a stroke?
CVA
What exposure factor controls penetration of the beam?
kVp
The number one defense against the spread of pathogens by health care workers is?
Washing Hands
If the length of the IR is placed perpendicular to the long axis of the part it is called?
Crosswise
From hardest to penetrate to easiest to penetrate list the body structures that can affect a radiographic image.
Teeth, Bone, Muscle, Fat, Gas
Mr. Smith came to the radiography department for an X-ray that required him to be placed RAO but due to his condition this could not be achieved. What do you do?
LPO
The plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is the?
mid sagittal plane
The liver is contained within what quadrant of the abdomen?
RUQ
What is that largest solid organ?
Liver
What vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage?
C4
The body type that is defined as not having any size normalcy in reference to being very small is ?
Asthenic
What term refers to the dorsal surface of the body?
Posterior
To term a CR angulation of 5 degrees toward the head
5 degrees cephalad
The study of joints and their functions
arthrology
The adult skeleton contains how many bones?
206
What bone contains yellow bone marrow in adults?
Long
The ends of long bones that arenas mature will contain?
Epiphysis
What is the term for the development of bones?
Ossification
The quadrants of the abdomen are determined by?
A transverse plane at the umbilicus and MSP
Same position as LPO?
RAO
head lower than feet?
Trendelenburg
Closest to point of attachment
proximal
head higher than feet
fowler
furthest from attachment
Distal
near the midline
medial
lying on the right side
right lateral
Criteria for a decubitus radiograph
Recumbent patient, Vertical IR, Horizontal CR
The front of the body or body part?
Ventral
Beaklike or crownlike process
coracoid
refers to the sole of the foot
Plantar
The CR is directed to the outer margin of a body surface
Tangential
Skimming =
tangential
When the patient leans backwards while upright so that only the shoulders are in contact with the IR
Lordotic
to move a body part toward
adduct
the bending of a joint
flexion
The dense outer layer of bone is called?
Compact Bone
detailed study of the structure of the body
anatomy
vertebral level of the inter iliac plane
L4
The plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior portions
mid-coronal
the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragm
the detailed study of bones is known as?
osteology
The path of the Central Ray
projection
any central ray that is angles a minimum of 10 degrees may be called?
Axial
any central ray that is angled toward the patients feet is considered
caudal
type of fracture results in many fragmented pieces?
comminuted
List the four body habits from smallest to largest
Asthenic, Hyposthenis, Sthenic, Hypersthenic
Ligaments connect? _____ to _____
bone to bone
tendons connect? _____ to ______
muscle to bone
Bony detail is termed
Trabeculae
Joints are covered at each articular end by ______ that will help cushion and prevent friction
cartilage
A foramen may simply be described as a ?
Hole
The tough fibrous covering around all bones is called?
Periosteum
How many bones that make up the axial skeleton
80
The bones of the limbs that allow the body to move in various positions are known as the _____ skeleton
appendicular
development and formation of bone is called?
Ossification
The tissue that lines the medullary cavity?
endosteum
The shaft or mid-section of long bones during ossification is known as the?
Diaphysis
The study of joints is known as?
Arthrology
the type of joint classification that will allow free movement is?
diathrotic
What type of joints (based on structure) are for lubrication and friction free movement
synovial
This special plane is formed by the biting surface of the upper and lower teeth
occlusual
another name for the level of C7/T1
Vertebral Prominens
What fracture type is found in the vertebrae of elderly people (usually)
compression
What bony positioning landmark is located at the vertebral level of T7
inferior angle of scapula
Where/ how will the organs lie on an asthenic patient?
Organs will be vertical, low, close to the midline
The MSP is ____ to the image receptor for a lateral projection of the chest.
Parallel
The lungs appear short and broad with high diaphragm with organs lying away from the mid-line the body habits is?
Hypersthenic
For a well inspired chest radiograph how many ribs should be present?
10
The space between the kings that is bound anteriorly by the sternum and posteriorly by the vertebrae is referred to as the?
Mediastinum
For an AP/PA projection of the chest, the _______ is parallel to the film?
MCP
