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Radiographic Procedures 1 (BLUE) > abdomen > Flashcards

abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the optimal kV for an abdomen?

A

70-80kV

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2
Q

Is abdomen long scale or short scale?

A

Long scale because you can see lots of colors

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3
Q

Is abdomen Low contrast or high contrast?

A

Low

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4
Q

How can you control involuntary motion?

A

quick exposure time

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5
Q

How can you control voluntary motion?

A

Control breathing

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6
Q

What are the 3 criteria’s for decubs?

A

Recumbent patient, Vertical IR, Horizontal CR

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7
Q

What does AAA stand for?

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

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8
Q

For lateral how long should the patient lay before taking the exposure?

A

Minimum-5 minutes Recommended 15-20 minutes

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9
Q

Why would you do a Dorsal Decub Lateral Abdomen?

A

To R/O Aneurysm

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10
Q

What position would you do to R/O an aneurysm?

A

Dorsal Decub

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11
Q

What are the 3 natural openings of the diaphragm?

A

Esophagus, aorta, superior vena cava

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12
Q

3 history questions for abdomen?

A

1 Are you having any pain or discomfort in your abdomen? If so can you show me where? How long has the pain been there, and has it worsened recently? Do you have any blood in your stool or urine? Is it bright red or dark red?

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13
Q

What does hematuria mean?

A

Blood in the Urine

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14
Q

What does Micro-hematuria mean?

A

The lab found the blood

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15
Q

What does Gross-hematuria mean?

A

Blood is visible to the patient

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16
Q

appendix removal

A

appendectomy

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17
Q

If patient is unable to do upright abdomen what would be your alternative and why?

A

Left Lateral Decubitus- because air in the stomach will only rise to the midline of the abdomen

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18
Q

Gall Bladder removal

A

Cholecystectomy

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19
Q

Female Reproductive Removal

A

hysterectomy or parietal hysterectomy if only one ovary is taken.

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20
Q

Types of Hernias

A

R or L inguinal, umbilical, hiatal

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21
Q

Term for blood in the stool

A

hematochezia

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22
Q

Why do we do exhalation for abdomens?

A

So that the diaphragm goes up so you can see full view of the abdomen

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23
Q

minimum of what degree is considered to be upright?

A

70

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24
Q

The abdominal cavity extends from what superiorly to what inferiorly?

A

diaphragm-upper bony pelvis

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25
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

23ft

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26
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

5ft

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27
Q

Whats in the LUQ

A

stomach, spleen

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28
Q

whats in the RUQ

A

Liver, Gallbladder

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29
Q

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

A

Bladder, Rectum, sigmoid, reproductive organs

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30
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity is enclosed by the double walled seromembranous sac called?

A

The peritoneal sac

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31
Q

The peritoneal sac has an outer covering called the?

A

Parietal peritoneum

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32
Q

What means ‘lining of the caity’

A

parietal peritoneum

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33
Q

What is the loose lining also called the omenta or mesentery?

A

visceral peritoneum

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34
Q

What is positioned over the internal organs and covers around the organs and is a support mechanism?

A

mesentery and omenta

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35
Q

Parietal=

A

Cavity

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36
Q

Visceral=

A

Organs

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37
Q

If the abdomen is full of gas what do you do to your technique?

A

Lower kV

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38
Q

What is the air pocket called in the stomach?

A

Meganblase

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39
Q

When is the small and large intestine visualized on an x-ray?

A

when it is full or barium or air and gas

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40
Q

Which intestine is responsible for defecation? Small or Large?

A

Large

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41
Q

Which side of the Large intestine is lower and why?

A

Right side because the liver pushes it down

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42
Q

What is the largest solid organ in the body?

A

Liver

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43
Q

What organ is in the RUQ and just beneath the diaphragm?

A

Liver

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44
Q

What does flexure mean?

A

Bend

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45
Q

What 2 organs does the liver push down and what muscle does the liver push up?

A

Right side of intestine and right kidney go down right hemi-diaphragm go up

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46
Q

What color does the liver show up as on a radiograph and why?

A

White, because it is very dense and hard to penetrate

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47
Q

The gallbladder is located in what quadrant?

A

RUQ

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48
Q

When is the gallbladder visualized on a radiograph?

A

When enhanced with barium

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49
Q

When can the gallbladder be visualized without barium?

A

When stones are present

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50
Q

What is an example of an opaque contrast?

A

Barium

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51
Q

What is an example of a radiolucent contrast?

A

Air or Gas

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52
Q

What quadrant is the Spleen located?

A

LUQ

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53
Q

Can you see a spleen on a radiograph

A

no

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54
Q

What procedures do you do to visualize the spleen?

A

CT or MRI

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55
Q

What is the head of the pancreas and loop of duodenum called?

A

love affair of the abdomen

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56
Q

What quadrant is the pancreas located in?

A

LUQ

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57
Q

What 2 things are the pancreas responsible for?

A

Glucose and Insulin

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58
Q

Can you see your pancreas or a radiograph?

A

No

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59
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Retroperitoneum

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60
Q

What vertebral levels are the kidneys located?

A

T12 (LK) - L3 (RK)

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61
Q

Why does the right kidney usually lower than the left?

A

Due to the liver pushing it down

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62
Q

What test is done to the kidneys?

A

IVP test

63
Q

give an example of a radiopaque contrast

A

Iodine

64
Q

Which contrast barium or Iodine can be absorbed by the body?

A

Iodine

65
Q

What does non-gravid mean?

A

Not pregnant

66
Q

ASIS

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

67
Q

What must be seen on a KUB

A

Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder

68
Q

What is the respiration for abdomen?

A

Exhalation

69
Q

Why do they do a 2 series film for an ER patient? and what 2 films do they do?

A

Looking for air and fluid levels or Tear in the digestive tract. Flat and upright

70
Q

When do you do a post void?

A

After IVP exam

71
Q

When do you do a Post Evac?

A

After BE exam

72
Q

For a SBS follow up how often do you take an X-ray?

A

15-20 minutes

73
Q

What does a patient drink for a SBS?

A

Barium

74
Q

Where do you center for a SBS follow up, Post Evac, and Post Void

A

L4

75
Q

What do you need to mark for a SBS follow up?

A

Mark film with appropriate time

76
Q

For a SBS follow up and a Post Evac what is the patients position?

A

Prone

77
Q

What is the position of post void?

A

AP upright

78
Q

Why do we do a post evac and post void?

A

To see how much contrast the patient is able to get rid of

79
Q

Whats another name for surveys and follow up films?

A

SCOUTS

80
Q

What is the love affair of the abdomen?

A

head of pancreas and loop of duodenum

81
Q

What are 3 ways you can cleanse the abdomen tract?

A

Controlled diet, laxative, enema

82
Q

To include the bladder on a film what structure must you have?

A

Pubic Symphysis

83
Q

What vertebral level is the iliac crest?

A

L4

84
Q

What vertebral level are the kidneys?

A

T12-L3

85
Q

Is abdomen long scale or short scale?

A

Long Scale

86
Q

Is abdomen high contrast or low contrast?

A

Low contrast

87
Q

What is the optimum kV for abdomen?

A

70-80

88
Q

What muscle will we see is we have penetrated the abdomen?

A

Psoas

89
Q

How can we see voluntary motion on a radiograph?

A

Blur

90
Q

What does involuntary motion look like on a radiograph and what is it caused by in an abdomen film?

A

Haziness, caused by peristalsis

91
Q

All ___ radiographs are abdominal radiographs

A

KUBS

92
Q

Not all abdominals are ____

A

KUBS

93
Q

What is in the RLQ?

A

Appendix

94
Q

What structure is usually at the level of the appendix?

A

Acetabulum

95
Q

Why do many institutions perform Spine AP protection and an upright AP projection?

A

To R/O free air and fluid levels.

96
Q

In an upright AP projection from what to what should be included

A

Diaphragm to acetabulum

97
Q

What is the Acetabulum

A

Hip Joint (socket)

98
Q

If free air is in the abdomen it won’t rise any further than what on an upright?

A

Diaphragm

99
Q

If free air is in the abdomen it won’t rise any further that what on a lateral?

A

Midline

100
Q

3 criteria’s for gonadal protection

A

1- if gonads lie within 2 inches of X-ray field. 2- if the exam will not be compromised 3- if patin has reasonable reproductive potential

101
Q

Abdomen AP Projection the CR should be ___ to the IR?

A

Perpendicular

102
Q

Abdomen AP projection you should center at?

A

L4 (iliac crest)

103
Q

proper SID for an abdomen

A

40’’

104
Q

film size for AP abdomen?

A

14x17

105
Q

What is a diaphragm shot?

A

If you clip diaphragm on an upright film use 14x17 CW, Top of film at armpit

106
Q

What film do you use for a bladder shot?

A

10x12

107
Q

Where do you center for a bladder shot?

A

2’’ below ASIS or 2-3’’ ABOVE pubic symphysis

108
Q

Where do you center for Supine position?

A

Level of L4 (iliac crest)

109
Q

Where of you center for upright position?

A

2’’ above iliac crest

110
Q

What is the term for air in the abdomen

A

pneumoperitoneum

111
Q

For a kidney shot where will the IR be directed?

A

midway between typhoid process (T10) and Umbilicus (L4)

112
Q

Why is PA projection preferred over AP when the kidneys are not of primary interest?

A

It greatly reduces gonad dose

113
Q

Why don’t we do a PA projection of the kidneys?

A

Because it will magnify the kidneys

114
Q

Decub

A

Recumbent patient, vertical IR, horizontal CR

115
Q

Meganblase doesn’t rise higher than what?

A

The midline

116
Q

What system is your liver, and pancreas part of?

A

Billiary System

117
Q

Which lobe of the liver is bigger?

A

Right Lobe

118
Q

Why do they call your small intestine small?

A

Diameter size

119
Q

can you live without your spleen

A

yes

120
Q

What side of your abdomen has the ascending colon?

A

Right

121
Q

What is the fissure in your liver called?

A

Falciform ligament

122
Q

What is in the retroperitoneum?

A

Kidneys and pancreas

123
Q

what connects your kidneys to your bladder?

A

ureturs

124
Q

What does AAA stand for?

A

Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm

125
Q

How long should you lay on your side for a lateral?

A

min 5 minutes, recommended 15-20

126
Q

Proper respiration for abdominal radiography should be?

A

Exhalation

127
Q

The optimal KV used for abdominal radiography is?

A

70-80

128
Q

What kv should you use when doing a barium study?

A

90kV+

129
Q

why do you increase kv when doing a barium study?

A

barium is hard to penetrate

130
Q

We chose 70-80kv for abdomen because?

A

Then we are able to view lots of densities

131
Q

For upright radiography of the abdomen when free air is to be ruled out, the CR should be directed to ______

A

2’’ above level of umbilicus/iliac crest/ L4

132
Q

The proper decubitus to be performed for an abdomen series on a patient who is unable to stand is?

A

Left Lateral Decub

133
Q

Why do we do a left lateral decub and not a right lateral decub

A

so that we don’t mistake meganblase for free air

134
Q

The proper decubitus that may be utilized to demonstrate the presence of a AAA is?

A

Dorsal Decub

135
Q

What type of motion can be eliminated by the use of proper instructions and high com for level of the patient when performing abdominal radiography?

A

Voluntary

136
Q

This anatomical structure must be included on upright radiography?

A

Diaphragm

137
Q

What muscle can be demonstrated on either side of the vertebral column in a triangular shape on abdominal radiography?

A

Psoas

138
Q

List the two structures and vertebral level to bisect when centering for a kidney shot?

A

Xyphoid process T10 Umbilicus L4

139
Q

Which kidney is lower and why

A

The right kidney is lower because for the liver pushing it down

140
Q

The proper centering for a KUB

A

L4- vertebral level, Iliac crest- structure

141
Q

When a patient can’t sit up to 70 degrees what position do you do?

A

Left Lateral Decub

142
Q

What is the proper centering for a bladder shot?

A

2-3’’ above the border of the pubic symphisis and/or 2’’ below ASIS

143
Q

Why is it important to use the proper respiration when performing abdominal radiography?

A

So that the diaphragm goes up (on exhalation) so you can get full view of the abdomen

144
Q

What are upright or decubitus radiographs performed?

A

To look for free and and fluid levels

145
Q

If performing an upright abdomen on a patient who cannot stand completely upright how should the CR be directed to accurately demonstrate air and fluid levels?

A

CR must be horizontal

146
Q

What is the projection of the decubitus abdomen radiograph that has their anterior surface facing the tube

A

AP projection

147
Q

List an advantage for doing the abdomen using a PA projection

A

greatly reduces patients gonad dose

148
Q

What must be included on an upright abdomen radiograph? From what to what?

A

Diaphragm- acetabulum

149
Q

If performing 2 CW radiographs of the abdomen on a large patient what needs to be demonstrated on the finished radiograph to ensure that all anatomy is included?

A

Overlapping

150
Q

The movement of foodstuff through the digestive tract will cause what type of motion on a radiograph?

A

Involuntary

151
Q

What is the term for food moving through the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

152
Q

What structure is included on a radiograph to ensure that the bladder is included?

A

Pubic Symphysis

153
Q

If you can’t locate the umbilicus or crest of a patient what should you feel for?

A

Greater trochanter

154
Q

Which hemi-diaphragm is lower? Why?

A

Left because the right side is being pushed up by the liver

Radiographic Procedures 1 (BLUE) (11 decks)

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