Semester 1 Exam Flashcards by Kaitlin C

What are the 5 themes of geography?

Movement, region, human environment interaction, location, place

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Prefer our own, out of familiarity; judge other cultures by our own standards

Ethnocentricism

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Relying on other people for goods and services

Interdependence

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What are the 4 map projections?

Mercator, peters, robinson, interrupted

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Shows the correct areas of landmasses and oceans, accurate directions, distorts the shape of Africa and South America (look longer and thinner)

Peters

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Most used today, correct sizes and shapes of most landmasses, fairly accurate view of the sizes of oceans and distances across land, distortions along edge

Robinson

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Shows direction accurately, accurate view of land areas near equator, distorts the size and shape of lands near the north and south poles

Mercator

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Corrects sizes and shapes, cuts down parts of oceans, impossible to measure distance accurately

Interrupted

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What are the 7 elements of culture?

Social organization, religion, economic system, government, customs & traditions, language, arts & literature

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What are the 2 types of location?

Absolute and relative

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Made up of human and physical characteristics; affects how a person lives

Place

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How humans adapt, modify, and depend on the environment

Human environment interaction

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How people, goods, and things are transported

Movement

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An area displays coherent unity in terms of language, government, landforms, or situation

Region

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What are the 3 types of regions?

Formal, functional, vernacular

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What are 3 parts of the UN?

General assembly, security council, economic and social council

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What is the job of the UN?

Promote peace, modernize nations

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Who developed Apartheid?

Afrikaner

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Black and whites would advance and live separately but have equal opportunity

Apartheid

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Why did Europeans come to Africa?

Economic and religious reasons

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Trade routes that benefitted/ affected Europe, Africa and North America

Triangle trade

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What did Africa trade to North America?

Slaves

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What did Europe trade to Africa?

Goods and Weapons

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What did North America trade to Europe?

Cotton and sugar

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Why was there slave trade in Africa?

Cheap labor for business owners

Turning semi desert to desert

Desertification

Where did desertification take place?

Sahel

Worshipping more than one god

Polytheism

What is an example of polytheism?

Hinduism

Worshipping only one god

Monotheism

What is an example of monotheism?

Buddhism, Christianity

Where did early civilizations develop?

Mesopotamia

What is the conflict in Somalia?

Warlords are taking over, weak government, genocide in Darfur

What are the similarities between the caste system and apartheid?

Separated people, people couldn't really get out of the situation

What are the 3 types of nations?

Developed, newly developed, developing

Basic economy is agriculture, population is rural, rapid population growth, high illiteracy rate

Developing

Depend on specialty product, higher education, increased GNP

Newly Developed

Highly industrialized, high number of exports, educational opportunities, high employment rate, diverse economy

Developed

What are the 4 stages of population pyramids?

Primitive, early expanding, late expanding, zero population growth

Birth rate drops, living standards rise/manufacturing, education and birth control

Late expanding

Very few countries remain at this stage today, high birth and death rates

Primitive

Improved hygiene and medical technology, birth rates remain high, high infant mortality rates

Early Expanding

Birth rates equal death rates, population count is at max

Zero population growth

Landmass in square miles and number of people

Area and population

Where government is centered

Capital

What people speak

Major languages

Birth rates minus death rates

Population growth

Percentage of a country's population living in urban areas

Urban population

Year the nation was established, gained independence, or took on its modern form

Date of independence

Percentage of people who can read and write

Literacy rate

Value of all goods and services produced within a country in one year

GDP

Age an infant is expected to live

Life expectancy

Measure of economic and social wellbeing; includes life expectancy, education, and average income

Human development index

Amount of people who are under 15 years old

Percent population under 15 years of age

Who is part of the General Assembly?

All countries

Who are the 5 permanent members of the security council?

China, France, Russia, United States, UK

What are the 5 parts of the caste system?

Brahman, krshatreya, vaishya, shudra, untouchables

How is the caste system connected to Hinduism?

Caste systems are based on how one is reincarnated and has do to their karma for dharma. Can't get out of caste system

Idea that your current life affects the next life

Karma

Duties and obligations in the caste system to have a better reincarnation

Dharma

Name of militia group in Sudan

Janjaweed

Why was the Janjaweed formed?

Other people were going against the Sudanese government

Europeans started to bring Africans as slaves to their colonies in the Caribbean, Central America, and the Americans in 1600s

Middle Passage

What happened when the US tried to help out Somalia?

They didn't like that they needed help and acted hostile towards the US

Where did the send troops in order to provide food and aid in December of 1992?

Somalia

Who aided in helping to end Apartheid?

Desmond Tutu, Steve Biko, Nelson Mandela

Black leader of the ANC in South Africa and was held in prison for 27 years.

Nelson Mandela

Leader of Zimbabwe since 1980

Robert Mugabe

Why is the genocide in Sudan being fought?

There are religious conflicts going on since the Arabs are taking over the government and are forcing their religious rule onto other people

Region in Sudan where genocide is taken place

Darfur

What two sides fought in the Sudan civil war?

Black Africans and Arabs

What kind of tactics did Gandhi use while fighting for independence?

Non-violence, civil disobedience

Who ruled Rwanda?

Germany and Belgium

Who did the Belgians left in charge of Rwanda?

Tutsi

Who ruled the government after Belgium was out of the picture?

Hutus

What were the roots of genocide in Rwanda?

president of Rwanda was killed, Hutus were angry and killed Tutsis

Why did the UN and US sit out of Rwanda's situation?

Had no benefits, no resources, no strategic value, Somalia

What are the effects of AIDS in Africa?

People are dying, there is a higher population of young people, government is not much help

Absolute, unchanging (god/power)

Brahman

Religious rights being violated because of biting the gun caps off

Sepoy Rebellion

What are some examples of unfair treatment that the British had on the Indians?

They told what crops to grow, salt tax

What is an example of a physical geography effecting a nation?

India is isolated from other countries because of oceans and mountains

A region that has specific borders

Formal

What is an example of a functional region?

Zip code, area codes

A region that you think about in your head (up north, down south)

Vernacular

Are globes or maps more accurate? Why?

Globe because a map could distort the countries

What are the four types of economies?

Traditional, market, command mixed

An economy that lives off the land, trading

Traditional

An economy where you could buy and sell things

Market economy

Government controls the economy

Command

An economy that has a market and command economy

Mixed

What's the difference between a nuclear and extended family?

Nuclear family is just parents and children, while extended is cousins, aunts, uncles, parents, kids

Culture spreading out to different areas

Cultural diffusion

Distinct way of living and is learned by people in a society

Culture

Have to follow their decisions

Security council

Don't have to follow decisions

General assembly

What is the most important reason why Europeans went to Africa?

Economic reasons

A country taking over another country and controlling it politically and economically

Imperialism

What is the origin of Hinduism?

Indus Valley

Who founded Hinduism?

Nomadic Aryans

Early African trade centered on what?

Gold and salt

What type of government does India have?

Parliamentary democracy