SEMEN

Question 1

Site of spermatogenesis

Answer 1

Seminiferous tubules

Question 2

Nurse cells for developing sperms

Answer 2

Sertoli

Question 3

Site of maturation where they become motile

Answer 3

Epididymis

Question 4

Propel sperm to ejaculatory ducts

Answer 4

Vas (ductus) deferens

Question 5

Spermatogenesis and sperm maturation take ___ days or ____ days

Answer 5

90 days / 74 days

Question 6

5% composition of semen

Answer 6

Spermatozoa
Bulbourethral gland

Question 7

Stages of sperm maturation

Answer 7

Spermatogonium
Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocytes
Spermatid
Spermatozoon

Question 8

Counts for the 60-70% semen composition

Answer 8

Seminal fluid

Question 9

Provides nutrients for sperm and fluid

Answer 9

Seminal vesicles

Question 10

Seminal vesicle secretions are rich in _____ that vital for sperm motility

Answer 10

Fructose

Question 11

Counts for the 20-30% semen composition

Answer 11

Prostate fluid

Question 12

Acidic fluid that contains ACP, zinc, citric acid and other enzymes

Answer 12

Prostate fluid

Question 13

Semen composition for coagulation and liquefaction

Answer 13

Prostate fluid

Question 14

Secretes thick alkaline mucus

Answer 14

Bulbourethral gland

Question 15

Neutralizes acidity from the prostatic secretions and vagina

Answer 15

Bulbourethral gland

Question 16

Upon spx collection, abstinence _____ days is required

Answer 16

2-7 days

Question 17

WHO recommends that ____ or ____ specimens be collected not ______ days or more ____ weeks apart, with ___ abnormal specimens considered significant

Answer 17

2 or 3 days ; not less than 7 days ; 3 weeks ; 2 abnormal spx

Question 18

Collect the _____ ejaculate

Answer 18

Entire

Question 19

If first portion is missing

Answer 19

Decreased sperm count
Increased pH
Specimen will not liquefy

Question 20

If last portion is missing

Answer 20

Increased sperm count
Decreased pH
Specimen will not clot

Question 21

Semen should be delivered to the lab within ____ hour of collection at _____ (temp)

Answer 21

1 hour at room temp

Question 22

Semen analysis should be done after _______ ( usually _____ mins)

Answer 22

Liquefaction ; 30-60 mins

Question 23

It semen fails to liquefy, treat with ____, _____, _____, _____, to break up mucus

Answer 23

Amylase
Bromelain
A-chymotrypsin
DPBS

Question 24

Specimen should be kept at what temp

Answer 24

37 deg c

Question 25

Normal color of semen ____ due to ____

Answer 25

Gray white, translucent ; flavin

Question 26

Increased white turbidity is due to _____

Answer 26

Infection (WBCs)

Question 27

Red brown coloration due to ___

Answer 27

Increased RBCs, blood

Question 28

Normal volume of semen

Answer 28

2-5 mL

Question 29

Semen pours in droplets significance

Answer 29

Normal

Question 30

>2 cm semen threads significance

Answer 30

Abnormal

Question 31

Semen Viscosity : 0

Answer 31

Watery

Question 32

Semen viscosity : 4+

Answer 32

Gel-like

Question 33

Semen normal pH

Answer 33

7.2-8.0

Question 34

Sperm concentration normal value

Answer 34

>20 million sperms/mL

Question 35

Dilution for improved Neubauer Counting Chamber

Answer 35

1:20

Question 36

Diluents used for sperm immobilization

Answer 36

Cold tap water Formalin / sodium bicarbonate Saline Distilled water

Question 37

Counting chamber used for undiluted specimen

Answer 37

Mailer counting chamber

Question 38

A sperm counting chamber that uses heat to immobilize sperm

Answer 38

Makler counting chamber

Question 39

Both sides of the hemocytometer are loaded and allowed to settle for ____ mins, then they are counted, and the counts should agree within _____ %

Answer 39

3-5 mins ; 10 %

Question 40

SPERM CONCENTRATION COMPUTATION: 2 WBC squares = # sperms counted x _____

Answer 40

100,000

Question 41

SPERM CONCENTRATION COMPUTATION: 5 WBC squares = # sperms counted x _____

Answer 41

1,000,000

Question 42

Sperm count normal value

Answer 42

40 million or more per ejaculation

Question 43

Sperm count formula

Answer 43

Sperm concentration x specimen volume

Question 44

To observe sperm motility , allow to settle it for ____ min and observe in _____

Answer 44

1 min ; 20 HPF

Question 45

Normal sperm motility

Answer 45

>50% motile within 1 hr

Question 46

Normal sperm motility quality

Answer 46

2.0 or more

Question 47

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING : 4.0 a

Answer 47

Rapid straight-line motility

Question 48

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING : 3.0 b

Answer 48

Slower speed, some lateral movement

Question 49

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING : 2.0 b

Answer 49

Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement

Question 50

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING : 1.0 c

Answer 50

No forward progression

Question 51

Sperm moving LNEARLY or in a large circle

Answer 51

Progressive motility

Question 52

Sperm moving with an ABSENCE of progression

Answer 52

Nonprogressive motility

Question 53

Determines sperm concentration, morphology, VELOCITY AND TRAJECTORY (direction of motion)

Answer 53

Computer assisted semen analysis (CASA)

Question 54

Sperm morphology : ROUTINE CRITERIA ___

Answer 54

30% normal forms

Question 55

Sperm morphology : Kruger’s strict criteria

Answer 55

>14% normal forms

Question 56

It measures the head, neck, tail, using a micrometer or morphometry

Answer 56

Kruger’s strict criteria

Question 57

Angle used for sperm morphology smear

Answer 57

45 degrees

Question 58

Stains for sperm morphology

Answer 58

Papanicolaou’s stain Wright’s stain Giemsa stain Short stain

Question 59

Normal sperm head shape

Answer 59

Oval

Question 60

Abnormal sperm head

Answer 60

Poor ovum penetration

Question 61

Part of sperm that contains mitochondria

Answer 61

Midpiece

Question 62

Sperm head width

Answer 62

3 um

Question 63

Sperm head length

Answer 63

5 um

Question 64

Midpiece length

Answer 64

7 um

Question 65

Acrosomal cap: ____ of the head ____ of nucleus

Answer 65

1/2 2/3

Question 66

Sperm tail length

Answer 66

45 um

Question 67

Hardening of veins that drain testes

Answer 67

Varicocele

Question 68

Most common cause of male infertility

Answer 68

Varicocele

Question 69

Sperm head in Varicocele

Answer 69

Tapered

Question 70

Sperm viability : tested within 1 hour of ejaculation

Answer 70

Modified Blom’s test

Question 71

Reagents for modified blom’s test

Answer 71

Eosin and nigrosin

Question 72

Color of dead sperm modified bloms test

Answer 72

Red

Question 73

Color of living sperm in modified bloms test

Answer 73

Unstained, bluish white

Question 74

Seminal fluid fructose must be tested within _____ or ________ to prevent fructolysis

Answer 74

2 hours ; frozen

Question 75

Screening test for seminal fluid fructose

Answer 75

Resorcinol test or Seliwanoff test

Question 76

Resorcinol is also known as

Answer 76

Seliwanoff’s test

Question 77

Seliwanoff’s test positive result

Answer 77

ORANGE-red color

Question 78

Normal value of neutral a-glucosidase

Answer 78

20 mU or more / ejaculate

Question 79

Decreased a-glucosidase indicates

Answer 79

Epididymis disorder

Question 80

Causes sperm agglutination; detected in semen, cervical mucosa or serum

Answer 80

Anti sperm antibodies

Question 81

Immunobead test detects the presence of these immunoglobulins

Answer 81

IgG, IgM, and IgA

Question 82

Round cells that are differentiated using peroxidase

Answer 82

WBC and spermatids

Question 83

Immature sperm cells (Rounded)

Answer 83

Spermatid

Question 84

More specific method to detect semen

Answer 84

Glycoprotein p30 aka PSA

Question 85

Also known as PSA

Answer 85

Glycoprotein p30

Question 86

A nonspecific test for choline for semen detection

Answer 86

Florence test

Question 87

Florence test reagent

Answer 87

Iodine crystals POTASSIUM IODIDE

Question 88

A very specific test for spermine

Answer 88

Barbiero’s test

Question 89

Barbieros test reagent

Answer 89

Saturated picric acid + trichloroacetic acid

Question 90

Florence test positive result

Answer 90

Dark brown rhombic crystals

Question 91

Barbiero’s test positive result

Answer 91

Yellow leaf-like crystals

Question 92

Following vasectomy, this is tested in which it should be zero within 12 weeks after surgery

Answer 92

Sperm count

Question 93

Post vasectomy semen analysis is done after ____

Answer 93

2 months

Question 94

EOSIN NIGROSIN STAIN : Abnormal result

Answer 94

Decreased motility with normal count

Question 95

EOSIN NIGROSIN STAIN : possible abnormality

Answer 95

Vitality

Question 96

FRUCTOSE LEVEL: abnormal result

Answer 96

Decreased count

Question 97

MAR & immunoobead tests Sperm agglutination with Male serum : abnormal result

Answer 97

Decreased motility with clumping

Question 98

MAR & immunoobead tests Sperm agglutination with Male serum : possible abnormality

Answer 98

Male anti sperm antibodies

Question 99

Sperm agglutination with female serum: abnormal result

Answer 99

Normal analysis with continued infertility

Question 100

Sperms are incubated with species non specific I hamster eggs and penetration is observed microscopically

Answer 100

Hamster egg penetration

Question 101

Evaluation of the acrosome to produce enzymes essential for ovum penetration

Answer 101

In vitro acrosome reaction

Question 102

Hormones that stimulate spermatogenesis

Answer 102

Follicle stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone

Question 103

Cells that secrete testosterone

Answer 103

Leydig cells

Question 104

Cells that secrete inhibin

Answer 104

Serotoli cells

Question 105

Motile sperm can be detected up to ____ hours after intercourse, whereas nonmotile sperm can persist for ____ days

Answer 105

24 hours ; 3 days

Question 106

As the sperm die off, only the ____ remain and may be present ____ days after the intercourse

Answer 106

Heads ; 7 days