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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > SEMEN > Flashcards

SEMEN Flashcards

1
Q

Site of spermatogenesis

A

Seminiferous tubules

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2
Q

Nurse cells for developing sperms

A

Seminiferous tubules (testes)

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3
Q

Site of maturation where they become motile

A

Epididymis

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4
Q

Propel sperm to ejaculatory ducts

A

Vas (ductus) deferens

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5
Q

Spermatogenesis and sperm maturation take ___ days or ____ days

A

90 days / 74 days

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6
Q

5% composition of semen

A

Spermatozoa
Bulbourethral gland

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7
Q

Stages of sperm maturation

A

Spermatogonium
Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocytes
Spermatid
Spermatozoon

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8
Q

Counts for the 60-70% semen composition

A

Seminal fluid

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9
Q

Provides nutrients for sperm and fluid

A

Seminal vesicles

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10
Q

Seminal vesicle secretions are rich in _____ that vital for sperm motility

A

Fructose

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11
Q

Counts for the 20-30% semen composition

A

Prostate fluid

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12
Q

Acidic fluid that contains ACP, zinc, citric acid and other enzymes

A

Prostate fluid

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13
Q

Semen composition for coagulation and liquefaction

A

Prostate fluid

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14
Q

Secretes thick alkaline mucus

A

Bulbourethral gland

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15
Q

Neutralizes acidity from the prostatic secretions and vagina

A

Bulbourethral gland

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16
Q

Upon spx collection, abstinence _____ days is required

A

2-7 days

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17
Q

WHO recommends that ____ or ____ specimens be collected not ______ days or more ____ weeks apart, with ___ abnormal specimens considered significant

A

2 or 3 days ; not less than 7 days ; 3 weeks ; 2 abnormal spx

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18
Q

Collect the _____ ejaculate

A

Entire

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19
Q

If first portion is missing

A

Decreased sperm count
Increased pH
Specimen will not liquefy

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20
Q

If last portion is missing

A

Increased sperm count
Decreased pH
Specimen will not clot

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21
Q

Semen should be delivered to the lab within ____ hour of collection at _____ (temp)

A

1 hour at room temp

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22
Q

Semen analysis should be done after _______ ( usually _____ mins)

A

Liquefaction ; 30-60 mins

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23
Q

It semen fails to liquefy, treat with ____, _____, _____, _____, to break up mucus

A

Amylase
Bromelain
A-chymotrypsin
DPBS

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24
Q

Specimen should be kept at what temp

A

37 deg c

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25
Q

Normal color of semen ____ due to ____

A

Gray white, translucent ; flavin

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26
Q

Increased white turbidity is due to _____

A

Infection (WBCs)

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27
Q

Red brown coloration due to ___

A

Increased RBCs, blood

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28
Q

Normal volume of semen

A

2-5 mL

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29
Q

Semen pours in droplets significance

A

Normal

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30
Q

> 2 cm semen threads significance

A

Abnormal

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31
Q

Semen Viscosity : 0

A

Watery

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32
Q

Semen viscosity : 4+

A

Gel-like

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33
Q

Semen normal pH

A

7.2-8.0

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34
Q

Sperm concentration normal value

A

> 20 million sperms/mL

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35
Q

Dilution for improved Neubauer Counting Chamber

A

1:20

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36
Q

Diluents used for sperm immobilization

A

Cold tap water
Formalin / sodium bicarbonate
Saline
Distilled water

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37
Q

Counting chamber used for undiluted specimen

A

Mailer counting chamber

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38
Q

A sperm counting chamber that uses heat to immobilize sperm

A

Makler counting chamber

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39
Q

Both sides of the hemocytometer are loaded and allowed to settle for ____ mins, then they are counted, and the counts should agree within _____ %

A

3-5 mins ; 10 %

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40
Q

SPERM CONCENTRATION COMPUTATION:

2 WBC squares = # sperms counted x _____

A

100,000

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41
Q

SPERM CONCENTRATION COMPUTATION:

5 WBC squares = # sperms counted x _____

A

1,000,000

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42
Q

Sperm count normal value

A

40 million or more per ejaculation

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43
Q

Sperm count formula

A

Sperm concentration x specimen volume

44
Q

To observe sperm motility , allow to settle it for ____ min and observe in _____

A

1 min ; 20 HPF

45
Q

Normal sperm motility

A

> 50% motile within 1 hr

46
Q

Normal sperm motility quality

A

2.0 or more

47
Q

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING : 4.0 a

A

Rapid straight-line motility

48
Q

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING : 3.0 b

A

Slower speed, some lateral movement

49
Q

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING : 2.0 b

A

Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement

50
Q

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING : 1.0 c

A

No forward progression

51
Q

Sperm moving LNEARLY or in a large circle

A

Progressive motility

52
Q

Sperm moving with an ABSENCE of progression

A

Nonprogressive motility

53
Q

Determines sperm concentration, morphology, VELOCITY AND TRAJECTORY (direction of motion)

A

Computer assisted semen analysis (CASA)

54
Q

Sperm morphology : ROUTINE CRITERIA ___

A

30% normal forms

55
Q

Sperm morphology : Kruger’s strict criteria

A

> 14% normal forms

56
Q

It measures the head, neck, tail, using a micrometer or morphometry

A

Kruger’s strict criteria

57
Q

Angle used for sperm morphology smear

A

45 degrees

58
Q

Stains for sperm morphology

A

Papanicolaou’s stain
Wright’s stain
Giemsa stain
Short stain

59
Q

Normal sperm head shape

A

Oval

60
Q

Abnormal sperm head

A

Poor ovum penetration

61
Q

Part of sperm that contains mitochondria

A

Midpiece

62
Q

Sperm head width

A

3 um

63
Q

Sperm head length

A

5 um

64
Q

Midpiece length

A

7 um

65
Q

Acrosomal cap:

____ of the head
____ of nucleus

A

1/2
2/3

66
Q

Sperm tail length

A

45 um

67
Q

Hardening of veins that drain testes

A

Varicocele

68
Q

Most common cause of male infertility

A

Varicocele

69
Q

Sperm head in Varicocele

A

Tapered

70
Q

Sperm viability : tested within 1 hour of ejaculation

A

Modified Blom’s test

71
Q

Reagents for modified blom’s test

A

Eosin and nigrosin

72
Q

Color of dead sperm modified bloms test

A

Red

73
Q

Color of living sperm in modified bloms test

A

Unstained, bluish white

74
Q

Seminal fluid fructose must be tested within _____ or ________ to prevent fructolysis

A

2 hours ; frozen

75
Q

Screening test for seminal fluid fructose

A

Resorcinol test or Seliwanoff test

76
Q

Resorcinol is also known as

A

Seliwanoff’s test

77
Q

Seliwanoff’s test positive result

A

ORANGE-red color

78
Q

Normal value of neutral a-glucosidase

A

20 mU or more / ejaculate

79
Q

Decreased a-glucosidase indicates

A

Epididymis disorder

80
Q

Causes sperm agglutination; detected in semen, cervical mucosa or serum

A

Anti sperm antibodies

81
Q

Immunobead test detects the presence of these immunoglobulins

A

IgG, IgM, and IgA

82
Q

Round cells that are differentiated using peroxidase

A

WBC and spermatids

83
Q

Immature sperm cells (Rounded)

A

Spermatid

84
Q

More specific method to detect semen

A

Glycoprotein p30 aka PSA

85
Q

Also known as PSA

A

Glycoprotein p30

86
Q

A nonspecific test for choline for semen detection

A

Florence test

87
Q

Florence test reagent

A

Iodine crystals
POTASSIUM IODIDE

88
Q

A very specific test for spermine

A

Barbiero’s test

89
Q

Barbieros test reagent

A

Saturated picric acid + trichloroacetic acid

90
Q

Florence test positive result

A

Dark brown rhombic crystals

91
Q

Barbiero’s test positive result

A

Yellow leaf-like crystals

92
Q

Following vasectomy, this is tested in which it should be zero within 12 weeks after surgery

A

Sperm count

93
Q

Post vasectomy semen analysis is done after ____

A

2 months

94
Q

EOSIN NIGROSIN STAIN : Abnormal result

A

Decreased motility with normal count

95
Q

EOSIN NIGROSIN STAIN : possible abnormality

A

Vitality

96
Q

FRUCTOSE LEVEL: abnormal result

A

Decreased count

97
Q

MAR & immunoobead tests
Sperm agglutination with Male serum : abnormal result

A

Decreased motility with clumping

98
Q

MAR & immunoobead tests
Sperm agglutination with Male serum : possible abnormality

A

Male anti sperm antibodies

99
Q

Sperm agglutination with female serum: abnormal result

A

Normal analysis with continued infertility

100
Q

Sperms are incubated with species non specific I hamster eggs and penetration is observed microscopically

A

Hamster egg penetration

101
Q

Evaluation of the acrosome to produce enzymes essential for ovum penetration

A

In vitro acrosome reaction

102
Q

Hormones that stimulate spermatogenesis

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone

103
Q

Cells that secrete testosterone

A

Leydig cells

104
Q

Cells that secrete inhibin

A

Serotoli cells

105
Q

Motile sperm can be detected up to ____ hours after intercourse, whereas nonmotile sperm can persist for ____ days

A

24 hours ; 3 days

106
Q

As the sperm die off, only the ____ remain and may be present ____ days after the intercourse

A

Heads ; 7 days

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (8 decks)

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