LAB SAFETY and RENAL FUNCTION Flashcards
chain of infection (SMS)
source
method of transmission
susceptible host
6 components of chain of infection
infectious agent
reservoir
exit portal
mode of transmission
entry portal
susceptible host
most importent step of handwashing
friction
handwashing time
15-20 seconds
last step of handwashing
turn off faucets with a clean paper towel to prevent contamination
position of rinsing hands
downward
all biological waste, except urine, must be placed in appropriate containers labelled with ____ symbol
BIOHAZARD
color of biohazard label
fluorescent orange or orange or red orange
disinfection of the sink using a dilution of ____ prepared ___
1:10 of sodium hypochlorite prepared daily
a 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite is preapred by adding
1 part sodium hypochlorite to 9 parts of water
best first aid for chemical spills
flush the area with water for at least 15 minutes
what does white quadrant in NFPA represent
specific hazard
what does yellow quadrant in NFPA represent
reactivity/stability hazard
what does blue quadrant in NFPA represent
health hazard
what does red quadrant in NFPA represent
fire hazard
health hazard 0-4
normal material
slightly hazardous
hazardous
extreme danger
deadly
reactivity 0-4
stable
unstable if heated
violent chemicall change
shock and heat may deteriorate
may detonate
degree of hazards 0-4
no minimal
slight hazard
moderate hazard
serious hazard
extreme hazard
all electrical equipment is grounded in a ___ to avoid electric shock
3 pronged plug
flammable chemicals should be stored in safety cabinets and ______ away from heat sources
explosion proof refrigerators
when a fire is discovered - RACE
rescue
alarm
contain
extinguish
to operate fire extinguisher
pull the pin
aim the nozzle
squeeze
sweeo nozzle
FIRE TYPE: ordinary combustible: paper cloth rubbish plastic wood
type A
FIRE TYPE: flammable liquids : alcohol, ether, grease, gasoline, paints, oil
type b
FIRE TYPE: elctrical equipment
type c
FIRE TYPE: flammable metals
type d
FIRE TYPE: detonation
type e
FIRE TYPE: cooking meadia
type k
EXTINGUISHER TYPE: type A
water
EXTINGUISHER TYPE: type ABC
dry chemicals
EXTINGUISHER TYPE: type BC
carbon dioxide and halon
work related hazards and include strain due too repeated position
ergonomic hazard
hazards due to extremely low temperatures
cryogenic hazards
hazards that include centrifuges, refrigerators, autoclaves, homogenizers, and glasswares
mechanical hazards
an accident that involves improper removal of stopper from test tubes that may produce aerosols
centrifuge accident
basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
nephron
how many nephrons are there in each kidney
1 to 1.5 million
total renal blood flow
1,200 mL/min
total renal plasma flow
600-700 mL/min
renal blood flow order
renal artery
afferent arterioles
glomerulus
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries
vasa recta
renal vein
working portion of the kidney
glomerulus
resembles a sieve
glomerulus
glomerulus is a non selective filter of plasma substances with molecular weight of ____
<70,000 daltons
renal threshold for glucose
160-180 mg/dL
major site (65%) of reabsorption of plasma substances
proximal convoluted tubule
solute concentration is highest in the ___
loop of henle (renal medulla)
the ascending loop of henle is highly ____ to water
impermeable
substances under active transport
glucose, amino acids, salts, sodium, chloride
substances under passive transport
water, urea, sodium
the movement of a substance across cell membranes into the bloodstream by electrochemical energy
active transport
the movement of moleculse across the membrane by diffusion because of a physical gradient
passive transport
it regulates water reabsorption in the DCT and CD
antidiuretic hormone
regulates sodium reabsorption in DCT
aldosterone
inactive form of angiotensin
angiotensin 1
effects of angiotensin 2
release of aldosterone and ADH
increased blood pressure via vasoconstriction
corrects renal blood
action of RAAS : dilates the ____ tubule and constricts ____ tubule
afferent and efferent
major site for removal of unfiltered substances
PCT
failure to produce an acid urine
renal tubular acidosis
used to evaluate glomerular filtration
clearance test
most common clearance test
creatinine
gold standard for clearance test
inulin
better marker for renal tubular function than GFR
beta 2 microglobulin
crockgroft and gault estimated GFR variables
age, sex, body weight in kilograms
modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) system variables
ethnicity, BUN, serum albumin
test for tubular reabsorption in which the patient is deprived of fluid for up to 24 hours
Fishberg test
test for tubular reabsorption influenced by the NUMBER & DENSITY
specific gravity
test for tubular reabsorption that is more accurate and preferred than SG determination
osmolality
test for tubular secretion and renal blood flow most commonly used ; reference method
p-aminohippuric acid or PAH
