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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > LAB SAFETY and RENAL FUNCTION > Flashcards

LAB SAFETY and RENAL FUNCTION Flashcards

1
Q

chain of infection (SMS)

A

source
method of transmission
susceptible host

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2
Q

6 components of chain of infection

A

infectious agent
reservoir
exit portal
mode of transmission
entry portal
susceptible host

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3
Q

most importent step of handwashing

A

friction

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4
Q

handwashing time

A

15-20 seconds

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5
Q

last step of handwashing

A

turn off faucets with a clean paper towel to prevent contamination

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6
Q

position of rinsing hands

A

downward

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7
Q

all biological waste, except urine, must be placed in appropriate containers labelled with ____ symbol

A

BIOHAZARD

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8
Q

color of biohazard label

A

fluorescent orange or orange or red orange

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9
Q

disinfection of the sink using a dilution of ____ prepared ___

A

1:10 of sodium hypochlorite prepared daily

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10
Q

a 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite is preapred by adding

A

1 part sodium hypochlorite to 9 parts of water

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11
Q

best first aid for chemical spills

A

flush the area with water for at least 15 minutes

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12
Q

what does white quadrant in NFPA represent

A

specific hazard

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13
Q

what does yellow quadrant in NFPA represent

A

reactivity/stability hazard

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14
Q

what does blue quadrant in NFPA represent

A

health hazard

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15
Q

what does red quadrant in NFPA represent

A

fire hazard

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16
Q

health hazard 0-4

A

normal material
slightly hazardous
hazardous
extreme danger
deadly

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17
Q

reactivity 0-4

A

stable
unstable if heated
violent chemicall change
shock and heat may deteriorate
may detonate

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18
Q

degree of hazards 0-4

A

no minimal
slight hazard
moderate hazard
serious hazard
extreme hazard

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19
Q

all electrical equipment is grounded in a ___ to avoid electric shock

A

3 pronged plug

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20
Q

flammable chemicals should be stored in safety cabinets and ______ away from heat sources

A

explosion proof refrigerators

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21
Q

when a fire is discovered - RACE

A

rescue
alarm
contain
extinguish

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22
Q

to operate fire extinguisher

A

pull the pin
aim the nozzle
squeeze
sweeo nozzle

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23
Q

FIRE TYPE: ordinary combustible: paper cloth rubbish plastic wood

A

type A

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24
Q

FIRE TYPE: flammable liquids : alcohol, ether, grease, gasoline, paints, oil

A

type b

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25
FIRE TYPE: elctrical equipment
type c
26
FIRE TYPE: flammable metals
type d
27
FIRE TYPE: detonation
type e
28
FIRE TYPE: cooking meadia
type k
29
EXTINGUISHER TYPE: type A
water
30
EXTINGUISHER TYPE: type ABC
dry chemicals
31
EXTINGUISHER TYPE: type BC
carbon dioxide and halon
32
work related hazards and include strain due too repeated position
ergonomic hazard
33
hazards due to extremely low temperatures
cryogenic hazards
34
hazards that include centrifuges, refrigerators, autoclaves, homogenizers, and glasswares
mechanical hazards
35
an accident that involves improper removal of stopper from test tubes that may produce aerosols
centrifuge accident
36
basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
nephron
37
how many nephrons are there in each kidney
1 to 1.5 million
38
total renal blood flow
1,200 mL/min
39
total renal plasma flow
600-700 mL/min
40
renal blood flow order
renal artery afferent arterioles glomerulus efferent arterioles peritubular capillaries vasa recta renal vein
41
working portion of the kidney
glomerulus
42
resembles a sieve
glomerulus
43
glomerulus is a non selective filter of plasma substances with molecular weight of ____
<70,000 daltons
44
renal threshold for glucose
160-180 mg/dL
45
major site (65%) of reabsorption of plasma substances
proximal convoluted tubule
46
solute concentration is highest in the ___
loop of henle (renal medulla)
47
the ascending loop of henle is highly ____ to water
impermeable
48
substances under active transport
glucose, amino acids, salts, sodium, chloride
49
substances under passive transport
water, urea, sodium
50
the movement of a substance across cell membranes into the bloodstream by electrochemical energy
active transport
51
the movement of moleculse across the membrane by diffusion because of a physical gradient
passive transport
52
it regulates water reabsorption in the DCT and CD
antidiuretic hormone
53
regulates sodium reabsorption in DCT
aldosterone
54
inactive form of angiotensin
angiotensin 1
55
effects of angiotensin 2
release of aldosterone and ADH increased blood pressure via vasoconstriction corrects renal blood
56
action of RAAS : dilates the ____ tubule and constricts ____ tubule
afferent and efferent
57
major site for removal of unfiltered substances
PCT
58
failure to produce an acid urine
renal tubular acidosis
59
used to evaluate glomerular filtration
clearance test
60
most common clearance test
creatinine
61
gold standard for clearance test
inulin
62
better marker for renal tubular function than GFR
beta 2 microglobulin
63
crockgroft and gault estimated GFR variables
age, sex, body weight in kilograms
64
modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) system variables
ethnicity, BUN, serum albumin
65
test for tubular reabsorption in which the patient is deprived of fluid for up to 24 hours
Fishberg test
66
test for tubular reabsorption influenced by the NUMBER & DENSITY
specific gravity
67
test for tubular reabsorption that is more accurate and preferred than SG determination
osmolality
68
test for tubular secretion and renal blood flow most commonly used ; reference method
p-aminohippuric acid or PAH

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (9 decks)

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