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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > LAB SAFETY and RENAL FUNCTION > Flashcards

LAB SAFETY and RENAL FUNCTION Flashcards

1
Q

chain of infection (SMS)

A

source
method of transmission
susceptible host

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2
Q

6 components of chain of infection

A

infectious agent
reservoir
exit portal
mode of transmission
entry portal
susceptible host

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3
Q

most importent step of handwashing

A

friction

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4
Q

handwashing time

A

15-20 seconds

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5
Q

last step of handwashing

A

turn off faucets with a clean paper towel to prevent contamination

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6
Q

position of rinsing hands

A

downward

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7
Q

all biological waste, except urine, must be placed in appropriate containers labelled with ____ symbol

A

BIOHAZARD

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8
Q

color of biohazard label

A

fluorescent orange or orange or red orange

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9
Q

disinfection of the sink using a dilution of ____ prepared ___

A

1:10 of sodium hypochlorite prepared daily

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10
Q

a 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite is preapred by adding

A

1 part sodium hypochlorite to 9 parts of water

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11
Q

best first aid for chemical spills

A

flush the area with water for at least 15 minutes

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12
Q

what does white quadrant in NFPA represent

A

specific hazard

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13
Q

what does yellow quadrant in NFPA represent

A

reactivity/stability hazard

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14
Q

what does blue quadrant in NFPA represent

A

health hazard

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15
Q

what does red quadrant in NFPA represent

A

fire hazard

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16
Q

health hazard 0-4

A

normal material
slightly hazardous
hazardous
extreme danger
deadly

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17
Q

reactivity 0-4

A

stablw
unstable if heared
violent chemicall change
shock and heat mag deteriorate
may denote

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18
Q

degree of hazards 0-4

A

no minimal
slight hazard
moderate hazard
serious hazard
extreme hazard

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19
Q

all electrical equipment is grounded in a ___ to avoid electric shock

A

3 pronged plug

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20
Q

flammable chemicals should be stored in safety cabinets and ______ away from heat sources

A

explosion proof refrigerators

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21
Q

when a fire is discovered - RACE

A

rescue
alarm
contain
extinguish

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22
Q

to operate fire extinguisher

A

pull the pin
aim the nozzle
squeeze
sweeo nozzle

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23
Q

FIRE TYPE: ordinary combustible: paper cloth rubbish plastic wood

A

type A

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24
Q

FIRE TYPE: flammable liquids : alcohol, ether, grease, gasoline, paints, oil

A

type b

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25
Q

FIRE TYPE: elctrical equipment

A

type c

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26
Q

FIRE TYPE: flammable metals

A

type d

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27
Q

FIRE TYPE: detonation

A

type e

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28
Q

FIRE TYPE: cooking meadia

A

type k

29
Q

EXTINGUISHER TYPE: type A

A

water

30
Q

EXTINGUISHER TYPE: type ABC

A

dry chemicals

31
Q

EXTINGUISHER TYPE: type BC

A

carbon dioxide and halon

32
Q

work related hazards and include strain due too repeated position

A

ergonomic hazard

33
Q

hazards due to extremely low temperatures

A

cryogenic hazards

34
Q

hazards that include centrifuges, refrigerators, autoclaves, homogenizers, and glasswares

A

mechanical hazards

35
Q

an accident that involves improper removal of stopper from test tubes that may produce aerosols

A

centrifuge accident

36
Q

basic structural and functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

37
Q

how many nephrons are there in each kidney

A

1 to 1.5 million

38
Q

total renal blood flow

A

1,200 mL/min

39
Q

total renal plasma flow

A

600-700 mL/min

40
Q

renal blood flow order

A

renal artery
afferent arterioles
glomerulus
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries
vasa recta
renal vein

41
Q

working portion of the kidney

A

glomerulus

42
Q

resembles a sieve

A

glomerulus

43
Q

glomerulus is a non selective filter of plasma substances with molecular weight of ____

A

<70,000 daltons

44
Q

renal threshold

A

160-180 mg/dL

45
Q

major site (65%) of reabsorption of plasma substances

A

proximal convoluted tubule

46
Q

solute concentration is highest in the ___

A

loop of henle (renal medulla)

47
Q

the ascending loop of henle is highly ____ to water

A

impermeable

48
Q

substances under active transport

A

glucose, amino acids, salts, sodium, chloride

49
Q

substances under passive transport

A

water, urea, sodium

50
Q

the movement of a substance across cell membranes into the bloodstream by electrochemical energy

A

active transport

51
Q

the movement of moleculse across the membrane by diffusion because of a physical gradient

A

passive transport

52
Q

it regulates water reabsorption in the DCT and CD

A

antidiuretic hormone

53
Q

regulates sodium reabsorption in DCT

A

aldosterone

54
Q

inactive form of angiotensin

A

angiotensin 1

55
Q

effects of angiotensin 2

A

release of aldosterone and ADH
increased blood pressure via vasoconstriction
corrects renal blood

56
Q

action of RAAS : dilates the ____ tubule and constricts ____ tubule

A

afferent and efferent

57
Q

major site for removal of unfiltered substances

A

PCT

58
Q

failure to produce an acid urine

A

renal tubular acidosis

59
Q

used to evaluate glomerular filtration

A

clearance test

60
Q

most common clearance test

A

creatinine

61
Q

gold standard for clearance test

A

inulin

62
Q

better marker for renal tubular function than GFR

A

beta 2 microglobulin

63
Q

crockgroft and gault estimated GFR variables

A

age, sex, body weight in kilograms

64
Q

modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) system variables

A

ethnicity, BUN, serum albumin

65
Q

test for tubular reabsorption in which the patient is deprived of fluid for up to 24 hours

A

Fishberg test

66
Q

test for tubular reabsorption influenced by the NUMBER & DENSITY

A

specific gravity

67
Q

test for tubular reabsorption that is more accurate and preferred than SG determination

A

osmolality

68
Q

test for tubular secretion and renal blood flow most commonly used ; reference method

A

p-aminohippuric acid or PAH

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (6 decks)

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