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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > INTRO TO URINALYSIS & PHYSICAL EXAMINATION > Flashcards

INTRO TO URINALYSIS & PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Flashcards

1
Q

total solids : 35 grams organic major composition

A

urea

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2
Q

total solids : 25-grams inorganic major to least composition

A

chloride > sodium > potassium

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3
Q

total solids : 25-grams inorganic principal salts

A

sodium chloride

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4
Q

type of urine for screening tests and qualitative urinalysis

A

random urine

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5
Q

type of urine ideal for cytology (ONLY if with prior hydration and exercise 5 mins before collection)

A

random urine

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6
Q

type of urine that is ideal specimen for routine screening or urinalysis and pregnancy testing (hCG)

A

first morning

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7
Q

type of urine used for evaluation of orthostatic proteinuria

A

first morning urine

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8
Q

type of urine used for glucose determination

A

second morning

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9
Q

urine for diabetic screening or monitoring

A

2 hour post prandial

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10
Q

urine preferred for testing glucose

A

2 hour post prandial

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11
Q

urine for routine screening and bacterial culture

A

midstream clean catch

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12
Q

urine for bacterial culture

A

catheterized urine

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13
Q

urine for anaerobic bacterial culture and urine cytology

A

suprapubic urine

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14
Q

urine for prostatic infection

A

three glass technique

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15
Q

in three glass technique, if the number of WBC and bacteria in the 3rd container is 10x greater than that of the 1st container it is indicative of

A

prostatitis

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16
Q

in three glass technique, it is used as the CONTROL for bladder and kidney function

A

2nd specimen

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17
Q

in Stamey-Mears test for prostatitis, this specimen is tested for urinary bladder infection

A

midstream urine (VB2)

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18
Q

timed specimen used for ADDIS COUNT

A

12 hour urine

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19
Q

timed specimen used for NITRITE DETERMINATION

A

4 hour urine

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20
Q

timed specimen used for UROBILINOGEN

A

afternoon urine

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21
Q

process of providing documentation of proper sample id from the time of collection to the receipt of lab results

A

chain of custody

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22
Q

required urine volume for drug specimen collection

A

30-45 mL

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23
Q

container capacity for drug specimen collection

A

60 mL

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24
Q

temperature of urine for drug testing

A

32.5-37.7 deg c

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25
to prevent specimen adulteration
blueing agent
26
urine after collection must be delivered and tested within
2 hours; ideally within 30 mins
27
physical and chemical and microscopic characteristics of urine begin to change ___
as soon as the urine is voided
28
these are increased in unpreserved urine
pH bacteria odor nitrite
29
decreased in unpreserved urine
clarity glucose ketones conjugated bilirubin due to photo oxidation urobilinogen rbcs, wbcs, and casts trichomonas
30
these disintegrate in dilute alkaline urine
rbcs, wbcs, casts
31
preservative of choice for routine UA and urine culture
refrigeration
32
preserves glucose and sediments well
thymol
33
preserves protein , does not interfere with routine analyses
boric acid
34
bacteriostatic and for culture transport
boric acid
35
excellent sediment preservative
formalin
36
preservative of choice for ADDIS COUNT
formalin
37
preservative that prevents glycolysis
sodium fluoride
38
used for cytology studies - 50 ml urine
saccomanos fluid
39
normal range of 24 hour urine
600-2000 mL
40
average urine volume for 24 hr urine
1200-1500 ml
41
day : night ratio of urine
2-3:1
42
container capacity for routine UA
50 ml
43
required volume for routine UA
10-15 ml (average 12 ml)
44
increased urine volume:
polyuria - >2000 ml/24hrs
45
decreased urine volume
oliguria - <500 ml/24 hrs or <400 ml/day
46
complete cessation of urine
anuria
47
excretion of more than 500 ml of urine at night ( normal= <400 ml)
nocturia
48
in urine color determination, the medtech should:
look down through the container against a white background
49
major pigment of urine
urochrome
50
pink or red urine
uroerythrin
51
dark yellow or orange brown pigment
urobilin
52
cause of dark yellow urine
carotene
53
orange / orange-yellow urine is caused by
bilirubin foam phenazopyridine or pyridium
54
green urine
pseudomonas
55
blue green urine
phenol
56
cloudy or smoky red is caused by
rbcs (hematuria)
57
clear red urine is caused by
hemoglobin
58
causes of pink or red urine
rbcs hemoglobin rifampin fuchsin
59
burgundy or portwine urine
porphyrin
60
brown black urine is caused by
methemoglobin homogentisic acid melanin
61
milky urine
increased wbcs (pyuria)
62
urine clarity determination (3)
thoroughly mix the sample light source view through a newspaper
63
alkaline urine causes
amorphous phosphates, carbonates
64
soluble with heat
amorphous urates, uric acid crystals
65
soluble in dilute acetic acid
rbcs, amorphous phosphates, carbonates
66
insoluble in dilute acetic acid
wbcs bacteria yeast spermatozoa
67
soluble in ether
lymphatic fluids lipids chyle
68
normal odor of urine
fragrant aromatic
69
acute tubular necrosis odor
odorless
70
proteus vulgaris odor (UTI) , old urine
foul or ammoniacal or pungent
71
ketones (dm, starvation, vomiting) odor
fruity, sweet
72
maple syrup syndrome odor urine
curry, maple syrup, caramelized sugar
73
phenylketonuria urine odor
mousy, barny, musty
74
tyrosinemia urine odor
rancid butter
75
isovaleric, glutaric acidemia urine odor
sweaty feet, acrid
76
phenol containing medications urine odor
menthol like
77
methionine, malabsorption urine odor
cabbage, hops
78
cystine disorder urine odor
sulfur, rotten egg
79
trimethylaminuria urine odor
rotting fish
80
ingestion of asparagus, onion, Uti
pungent, fetid
81
hawkinsinuria urine odor
swimming pool
82
few particulates, print easily seen
hazy
83
many particulates, print blurred
cloudy
84
print cannot be seen
turbid

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (9 decks)

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