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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > INTRO TO URINALYSIS & PHYSICAL EXAMINATION > Flashcards

INTRO TO URINALYSIS & PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Flashcards

1
Q

total solids : 35 grams organic major composition

A

urea

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2
Q

total solids : 25-grams inorganic major to least composition

A

chloride > sodium > potassium

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3
Q

total solids : 25-grams inorganic principal salts

A

sodium chloride

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4
Q

type of urine for screening tests and qualitative urinalysis

A

random urine

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5
Q

type of urine ideal for cytology (ONLY if with prior hydration and exercise 5 mins before collection)

A

random urine

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6
Q

type of urine that is ideal specimen for routine screening or urinalysis and pregnancy testing (hCG)

A

first morning

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7
Q

type of urine used for evaluation of orthostatic proteinuria

A

first morning urine

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8
Q

type of urine used for glucose determination

A

second morning

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9
Q

urine for diabetic screening or monitoring

A

2 hour post prandial

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10
Q

urine preferred for testing glucose

A

2 hour post prandial

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11
Q

urine for routine screening and bacterial culture

A

midstream clean catch

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12
Q

urine for bacterial culture

A

catheterized urine

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13
Q

urine for anaerobic bacterial culture and urine cytology

A

suprapubic urine

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14
Q

urine for prostatic infection

A

three glass technique

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15
Q

in three glass technique, if the number of WBC and bacteria in the 3rd container is 10x greater than that of the 1st container it is indicative of

A

prostatitis

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16
Q

in three glass technique, it is used as the CONTROL for bladder and kidney function

A

2nd specimen

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17
Q

in Stamey-Mears test for prostatitis, this specimen is tested for urinary bladder infection

A

midstream urine (VB2)

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18
Q

timed specimen used for ADDIS COUNT

A

12 hour urine

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19
Q

timed specimen used for NITRITE DETERMINATION

A

4 hour urine

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20
Q

timed specimen used for UROBILINOGEN

A

afternoon urine

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21
Q

process of providing documentation of proper sample id from the time of collection to the receipt of lab results

A

chain of custody

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22
Q

required urine volume for drug specimen collection

A

30-45 mL

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23
Q

container capacity for drug specimen collection

A

60 mL

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24
Q

temperature of urine for drug testing

A

32.5-37.7 deg c

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25
Q

to prevent specimen adulteration

A

blueing agent

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26
Q

urine after collection must be delivered and tested within

A

2 hours 30 mins ideally

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27
Q

physical and chemical and microscopic characteristics of urine begin to change ___

A

as soon as the urine is voided

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28
Q

these are increased in unpreserved urine

A

pH
bacteria
odor
nitrite

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29
Q

decreased in unpreserved urine

A

clarity
glucose
ketones
conjugated bilirubin due to photo oxidation
urobilinogen
rbcs, wbcs, and casts
trichomonas

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30
Q

these disintegrate in dilute alkaline urine

A

rbcs, wbcs, casts

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31
Q

preservative of choice for routine UA and urine culture

A

refrigeration

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32
Q

preserves glucose and sediments well

A

thymol

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33
Q

preserves protein , does not interfere with routine analyses

A

boric acid

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34
Q

bacteriostatic and for culture transport

A

boric acid

35
Q

excellent sediment preservative

A

formalin

36
Q

preservative of choice for ADDIS COUNT

A

formalin

37
Q

preservative that prevents glycolysis

A

sodium fluoride

38
Q

used for cytology studies - 50 ml urine

A

saccomanos fluid

39
Q

normal range of 24 hour urine

A

600-2000 mL

40
Q

average urine volume for 24 hr urine

A

1200-1500 ml

41
Q

day : night ratio of urine

A

2-3:1

42
Q

container capacity for routine UA

A

50 ml

43
Q

required volume for routine UA

A

10-15 ml (average 12 ml)

44
Q

increased urine volume:

A

polyuria - >2000 ml/24hrs

45
Q

decreased urine volume

A

oliguria - <500 ml/24 hrs or <400 ml/day

46
Q

complete cessation of urine

A

anuria

47
Q

excretion of more than 500 ml of urine at night ( normal= <400 ml)

A

nocturia

48
Q

in urine color determination, the medtech should:

A

look down through the container against a white background

49
Q

major pigment of urine

A

urochrome

50
Q

pink or red urine

A

uroerythrin

51
Q

dark yellow or orange brown

A

urobilin

52
Q

cause of dark yellow urine

A

carotene

53
Q

orange / orange-yellow urine is caused by

A

bilirubin foam
phenazopyridine or pyridium

54
Q

green urine

A

pseudomonas

55
Q

blue green urine

A

phenol

56
Q

cloudy or smoky red is caused by

A

rbcs (hematuria)

57
Q

clear red urine is caused by

A

hemoglobin

58
Q

pink or red urine causes

A

rbcs
hemoglobin
rifampin
fuchsin

59
Q

burgundy or portwine urine

A

porphyrin

60
Q

brown black urine is caused by

A

methemoglobin
homogentisic acid
melanin

61
Q

milky urine

A

increased wbcs (pyuria)

62
Q

urine clarity determination (3)

A

thoroughly mix the sample
light source
view through a newspaper

63
Q

alkaline urine causes

A

amorphous phosphates, carbonates

64
Q

soluble with heat

A

amorphous urates, uric acid crystals

65
Q

soluble in dilute acetic acid

A

rbcs, amorphous phosphates, carbonates

66
Q

insoluble in dilute acetic acid

A

wbcs
bacteria
yeast
spermatozoa

67
Q

soluble in ether

A

lymphatic fluids
lipids
chyle

68
Q

normal odor of urine

A

fragrant aromatic

69
Q

acute tubular necrosis odor

A

odorless

70
Q

proteus vulgaris odor (UTI) , old urine

A

foul or ammoniacal jor pungent

71
Q

ketones (dm, starvation, vomiting) odor

A

fruity, sweet

72
Q

maple syrup syndrome odor urine

A

curry, maple syrup, caramelized sugar

73
Q

phenylketonuria urine odor

A

mousy, barny, musty

74
Q

tyrosinemia urine odor

A

rancid butter

75
Q

isovaleric, glutaric acidemia urine odor

A

sweaty feet, acrid

76
Q

phenol containing medications urine odor

A

menthol like

77
Q

methionine, malabsorption urine odor

A

cabbage, hops

78
Q

cystine disorder urine odor

A

sulfur, rotten egg

79
Q

trimethylaminuria urine odor

A

rotting fish

80
Q

ingestion of asparagus, onion, Uti

A

pungent, fetid

81
Q

hawkinsinuria urine odor

A

swimming pool

82
Q

few particulates, print easily seen

A

hazy

83
Q

many particulates, print blurred

A

cloudy

84
Q

print cannot be seen

A

turbid

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (6 decks)

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