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ALEVEL English Lang AQA > ⭐• Semantic/ Lexical Terminology > Flashcards

⭐• Semantic/ Lexical Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is lexis?

A

The vocabulary system of language, what a specific word choice means to a piece of writing, the signifiance of its presence

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2
Q

What are semantics?

A

The study of the meaning of words and expressions such as connotations + devices such as metaphor, zoomorphism etc…

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3
Q

What is jargon?

A

Technical language/ terminology/ vocabulary used within a specific industry or profession

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4
Q

What is dialect?

A

A specific form of language to a region or social group

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5
Q

What is sociolect?

A

The dialect of a particular social class

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6
Q

What is idiolect

A

Speech habits specifc to a particular person/ their own personal language use that makes up their identity

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7
Q

What is slang?

A

Informal language, more informal than colloquialisms, commonly used to convey a sense of identity and belonging within a culture

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8
Q

What are colloquialisms?

A

Informal language used in everyday speech

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9
Q

What is taboo language?

A

Words or phrases that are considered offensive, emotionally powerful, or harmful, and are therefore avoided

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10
Q

What is a cliché?

A

A cliché is an over used, widley known phrase

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11
Q

What is an Idiom?

A

Metaphorical ecpessions very specifc to the English language

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12
Q

What is a euphemism?

A

A polite or implied way of saying something, commonly something difficult to say e.g. Someone has died = Someone has passed away

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13
Q

What is a dysphemism?

A

A blunt or obvious way of saying something, commonly something difficult to say

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14
Q

What is an archaism?

A

Older language

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15
Q

What is register?

A

The level of formality in language determined by written or spoken context

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16
Q

What is a prefix?

A

The start of a word

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17
Q

What is a suffix?

A

The end of a word

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18
Q

What is a compound word?

A

Two full words placed together to make another word

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19
Q

What is an example of a compound word?

A

Lunch + Time = Lunchtime

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20
Q

What is an abbreviation?

A

Shortening a word drastically

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21
Q

What is an example of an abbreviation?

A

Advertisement = Ad

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22
Q

What is an acronym?

A

When you speak an initilaism as if its a word

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23
Q

What is an example of an acronym?

A

G.O.A.T (Greatest Of All Time) is said as the word Goat, not each initial individually

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24
Q

What is an initialism?

A

When you say initials of an acronym separately, not as if its a word of its own

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25
Q

What is an example of an initialism?

A

BBC is said with each initial (BEE BEE CEE) not as a word e.g. ‘buhbuhcuh’

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26
Q

What is a neologism?

A

A formulated or made up word

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27
Q

What is a blend word?

A

Words that are smushed together

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28
Q

What is an example of a blend word?

A

Breakfast + Lunch = Brunch

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29
Q

What is a loan word?

A

A word adopted by a foreign language

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30
Q

What is a synonym?

A

Words that have similar meaning

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31
Q

What is an antonym?

A

Words that have a different/ opposite meaning

32
Q

What is a homonym?

A

Two or more words with different spellings but the same pronouciation or two or more words with different pronounciations but the same spelling

33
Q

What are the two different types of homonym?

A
  • Homophone
  • Homograph
34
Q

What is a homophone?

A

Two or more words with different spellings but the same pronouciation

35
Q

What is a homograph?

A

Two or more words with different pronounciations but the same spelling

36
Q

What is a hypernym?

A

A superiordinate word, the top of a hyponymic chain, the broadest term e.g. cheese

37
Q

What is a hyponym?

A

A subordinate word, lower down the hyponymic chains, a more general lexical term e.g. if hypernym cheese, hyponym could = cheddar/ goats cheese etc…

38
Q

What is a hyponymic chain?

A

A chain of lexis with one hypernym at the top and hyponyms of that one hypernym proceeding

39
Q

What are semantic/ lexical fields?

A

Words grouped by similar connotations

40
Q

What is the etymology of a word?

A

The history or origin of that specific word

41
Q

What is venacular?

A

Another term for generic English/ spoken English

42
Q

What is a monosyllabic word?

A

A word that contains one syllable

43
Q

What is a polysyllabic word?

A

A word that contains multiple syllables

44
Q

What is syntax?

A

The order of words in a sentance

45
Q

What are lexical items?

A

Another way for saying words

46
Q

What is a triadic structure?

A

Another, more lexical way of saying a list of three

47
Q

What is a connotation?

A

The personal and subjective meanings we attatch to words/ objects e.g a rose can connote love or passion

48
Q

What is a denotation?

A

The factual and objective meanings we attatch to words e.g. a rose denotes a popular type of flower

49
Q

What is a metaphor?

A

Calling an object/ person something that it is directly not

50
Q

What is a metonym?

A

A figure of speech that involves replacing a word or concept with something closely associated with it e.g ‘The crown’ is a commonly used metonym to refer to the royal family or the reigning monarch

51
Q

What is a text producer?

A

The person/ collection responsible for creating/ speaking/ writing a text

52
Q

What is a text receiver?

A

The person or group of people responsible for interpreting/ reading through a text

53
Q

What is a discourse event?

A

An act of communication that takes place at a specific time and location that involves text producers/ receivers; they allow for increased contextual realisation or understanding and exploration of the intent of a text to be clearer

54
Q

What is a multi-purpose text?

A

Texts that appear obvious to a text receiver as having more than one purpose/ message

55
Q

What is the primary purpose of a text?

A

The main or most clear/ direct or easily recognisable purpose behind a text

56
Q

What is the secondary purpose behind a text?

A

An additional, more subtle purpose included in a text

57
Q

What is the purpose of terminology such as, multi-purpose texts and primary/ secondary purpose?

A

To indentify a text with a somewhat euphemistic or dysphemistic attribute or viewpoint embedded (obvious = primary, less obvious = secondary)

58
Q

What is the implied reader?

A

The constructed image of an idealised text interpreter/ audience made by the text producer; readers who best fit the central message/ beliefs the text presents

59
Q

What is the actual reader?

A

Any group of people/ person that reads and therefore interprets a text; each reading/ interpreting a text using their own unique contexts and personal experiences

60
Q

What is an implied writer?

A

A constructed/ formulated image of an idealised writer made by a text receiver; constructed by text receivers based on their own perception of the text and the type of person they would view to write it

61
Q

What is an actual writer?

A

The actual ‘real’ group of people/ person behind the production of a text

62
Q

Its vital when analysing texts to consider how the written message could be perceived very ____________ by a ____________ than ____________ intended by a ____________.

A

Its vital when analysing texts to consider how the written message could be perceived very different by a receiver than originally intended by a producer.

63
Q

What are discourse communities?

A

A group of people with shared interests and belief systems that are highly likely to interpret a text in similar if not identical ways

64
Q

What is the mode?

A

The physical channel of communication a text was originally created in e.g. speech or writing

65
Q

What else can mode be viewed as?

A

A label for texts to highlight if it was originally a speech or piece of writing

66
Q

What is oppositional view?

A

A method of defining the difference between moides by arguing that they have completely different features/ opposing characteristics

67
Q

What are blended-mode texts?

A

A piece of text that contains elements of both speech and writing

68
Q

What is the genre of a text?

A

A method of grouping texts based on expected and shared conventions, with ‘conventions’ refering to the established rules, practices, or features that are commonly found within a particular genre. These are the recognizable characteristics that help to define a genre and shape the audience’s expectations e.g. in a mystery genre, typical conventions might include a crime, a detective, clues, and a suspenseful plot.

69
Q

What is intertextuality?

A

A process through which texts will borrow or refer to conventions of other texts for specific purpose or effect

70
Q

What is an example of intertextuality?

A

J.K. Rowling used intertextuality when borrowing the idea of entering a magical world in an unusual way in Harry Potter from Lewis Carroll’s Through the looking glass; Lewis used the looking glass where Rowling used platform 93/4

71
Q

What is prototype model?

A

A model for looking at differences or similarities within a category/ mode by thinking about asociations to core concept of that specified mode e.g. mode = speech, a concept in the center ring could be spontaneity as speeches, unlike written communications are often produced in real-time

72
Q

Label this image of a prototype model.

A
73
Q

What is a multi-modal text?

A

One that is written but designed to be spoken (therefore written and spoken - 2 modes)

74
Q

What is gravitas?

A

A level of importance, seriousness, significance

75
Q

What is a diametric opposition? Or when somebody’s views are diametrically opposed?

A

It means they are stark contrasts, when something is directly opposes something else, whether it be a viewpoint from a texts recover or two lexical items in a sentence.

ALEVEL English Lang AQA (6 decks)

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