⭐• Phonological Terminology Flashcards
What is this image?
The phonological/ phonemic alphabet (contains all graphemes used)
What is phonology?
The study of the patterns of sounds in a language and vocal aspects to language
What is a grapheme?
A written symbol, such as a letter or a group of letters, that represents a single sound, or phoneme (the phonological alphabet/ phonemic alphabet)
What is a phoneme?
any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one letter/ word from another
What is a monopthong?
When only 1 vowel makes up the phoneme/ sound
What is a diphthong?
When 2 vowel sounds make up the phoneme/ sound
What is a plosive?
Phonemes produced stopping the airflow using the lips, teeth, or palate, followed by a sudden release of air
What is a frickative?
Phonemes produced by air escaping through a small passage in the mouth - described as a ‘hissing’ sound
How many plosive consonants are in the english language?
6
What are all 6 plosive consonants?
IGNORE SECOND P
What plosives are bilabial (+ definiton of bilable)?
/P/ AND /B/ are Bilabial
* Bilabial plosives produced by lips being pressed together
What plosives are alveolar (+ definiton of alveolar)?
/T/ AND /D/ are Alveolar
* Alveolar plosives produced when tounge is pressed against alveolar ridge (area above teeth)
What plosives are velar (+ definiton of velar)?
/K/ AND /G/ are Velar
* Velar plosives produced when back of tounge pressed against area between hard palate (bottom of mouth) and soft palate (back of mouth)
What does it mean when a Phoneme/ sound is voiced?
When your vocal chords vibrate (feel neck to feel vibrations)
What does it mean when a Phoneme/ sound is unvoiuced?
When your vocal chords do not vibrate (feel neck to feel vibrations)
Give 2 letters that are fickactives?
F and V
What 3 plosives are voiced?
/b/ /d/ /g/
What 3 plosives are unvoiced?
/p/ /t/ /k/
Complete the table
How do you write a phonemic expression?
using: /_____/
What is the phonemic/ phonological alphabet based on? (and what is the negative to this)
RP (therefore it is baised to only one accent)
What is prosodics?
The study of how we put sounds together in connected speech
What are 4 prosodic features?
- rhythm
- pitch
- volume
- intonation
What is intonation?
The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.
What is paralinguistics?
Study of vocal effects e.g. laughter and non-verbal aspects of communication such as eye contact, facial expressions and gestures
What is the trap-bath split?
When the letter ‘a’ in certain words e.g. Bath, Can’t & Dance are prounounced with the broad ‘a’ in ‘Father’ and not the short ‘a’ in ‘Cat’
What is a Glottal Stop?
When airflow is obstructed at the glottis (back of throat) and a sound is almost skipped over e.g. ‘better’ can sound more like -> ‘be’ah’ (common in Cockey accents with the letter ‘t’) or ‘harry potter’ can sound more like ‘harry pot’a’
What is th-fronting?
A pronounciation where the ‘th’ diphthong in English is replaced with an ‘f’ or ‘v’ sound e.g. ‘think’ can sound more like -> ‘fink’
What is h/g dropping?
When the sounds for the letters ‘h’ and ‘g’ are dropped/ not uttered in certain accents e.g. ‘hello’ can sound more like -> ‘ello’ or ‘morning’ can sound more like ‘mornin’
What is L-vocalisation?
When the letter ‘L’ at the end of words can commonly sound more like vowel sounds e.g. ‘pal’ can sound more like -> ‘paw’
What is rhoticity?
When the consonant ‘r’ is pronounced in all positional contexts, even those where it is normally not fully pronounced e.g. RP ‘farm’ -> Bristolian ‘faRRRm’ or ‘first’, always pronouncing r when commonly ignored
What is non-rhoticity?
A way of speaking where the /r/ sound is not pronounced in certain positions:
What are raised vowels?
When vowel sounds are pronouced in a higher tone than normal/ than other words e.g. ‘trap’ can sound more like ‘trep’
What is the foot-strut merger?
When the words ‘foot’ and ‘strut’ share the same vowel
What is diphthongonisation?
When a monophthong is changed into a diphthong
What is trilling?
When a rolling sound is added to certain letters; letters are extended by elongating them - rolling
What is the London Vowel Shift?
When vowels are shifted in specific London accent e.g. cockey ‘boy’ vergers near ‘boi’
