⭐• Phonological Terminology

Question 1

What is this image?

Answer 1

The phonological/ phonemic alphabet (contains all graphemes used)

Question 2

What is phonology?

Answer 2

The study of the patterns of sounds in a language and vocal aspects to language

Question 3

What is a grapheme?

Answer 3

A written symbol, such as a letter or a group of letters, that represents a single sound, or phoneme (the phonological alphabet/ phonemic alphabet)

Question 4

What is a phoneme?

Answer 4

any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one letter/ word from another

Question 5

What is a monopthong?

Answer 5

When only 1 vowel makes up the phoneme/ sound

Question 6

What is a diphthong?

Answer 6

When 2 vowel sounds make up the phoneme/ sound

Question 7

What is a plosive?

Answer 7

Phonemes produced stopping the airflow using the lips, teeth, or palate, followed by a sudden release of air

Question 8

What is a frickative?

Answer 8

Phonemes produced by air escaping through a small passage in the mouth - described as a ‘hissing’ sound

Question 9

How many plosive consonants are in the english language?

Answer 9

6

Question 10

What are all 6 plosive consonants?

Answer 10

IGNORE SECOND P & B

Question 11

What plosives are bilabial (+ definiton of bilable)?

Answer 11

/P/ AND /B/ are Bilabial
* Bilabial plosives produced by lips being pressed together

Question 12

What plosives are alveolar (+ definiton of alveolar)?

Answer 12

/T/ AND /D/ are Alveolar
* Alveolar plosives produced when tounge is pressed against alveolar ridge (area above teeth)

Question 13

What plosives are velar (+ definiton of velar)?

Answer 13

/K/ AND /G/ are Velar
* Velar plosives produced when back of tounge pressed against area between hard palate (bottom of mouth) and soft palate (back of mouth)

Question 14

What does it mean when a Phoneme/ sound is voiced?

Answer 14

When your vocal chords vibrate (feel neck to feel vibrations)

Question 15

What does it mean when a Phoneme/ sound is unvoiuced?

Answer 15

When your vocal chords do not vibrate (feel neck to feel vibrations)

Question 16

Give 2 letters that are fickactives?

Answer 16

F and V

Question 17

What 3 plosives are voiced?

Answer 17

/b/ /d/ /g/

Question 18

What 3 plosives are unvoiced?

Answer 18

/p/ /t/ /k/

Question 19

Complete the table

Answer 19

Question 20

How do you write a phonemic expression?

Answer 20

using: /_____/

Question 21

What is the phonemic/ phonological alphabet based on? (and what is the negative to this)

Answer 21

RP (therefore it is baised to only one accent)

Question 22

What is prosodics?

Answer 22

The study of how we put sounds together in connected speech

Question 23

What are 4 prosodic features?

Answer 23

• rhythm
• pitch
• volume
• intonation

Question 24

What is intonation?

Answer 24

The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.

Question 25

What is paralinguistics?

Answer 25

Study of vocal effects e.g. laughter and non-verbal aspects of communication such as eye contact, facial expressions and gestures

Question 26

What is the trap-bath split?

Answer 26

When the letter 'a' in certain words e.g. Bath, Can't & Dance are prounounced with the broad 'a' in 'Father' and not the short 'a' in 'Cat'

Question 27

What is a Glottal Stop?

Answer 27

When airflow is obstructed at the glottis (back of throat) and a sound is almost skipped over e.g. 'better' can sound more like -> 'be'ah' (common in Cockey accents with the letter 't') or 'harry potter' can sound more like 'harry pot'a'

Question 28

What is th-fronting?

Answer 28

A pronounciation where the 'th' diphthong in English is replaced with an 'f' or 'v' sound e.g. 'think' can sound more like -> 'fink'

Question 29

What is h/g dropping?

Answer 29

When the sounds for the letters 'h' and 'g' are dropped/ not uttered in certain accents e.g. 'hello' can sound more like -> 'ello' or 'morning' can sound more like 'mornin'

Question 30

What is L-vocalisation?

Answer 30

When the letter 'L' at the end of words can commonly sound more like vowel sounds e.g. 'pal' can sound more like -> 'paw'

Question 31

What is rhoticity?

Answer 31

When the consonant 'r' is pronounced in **all** positional contexts, even those where it is normally not fully pronounced e.g. RP 'farm' -> Bristolian 'faRRRm' or 'first', always pronouncing r when commonly ignored

Question 32

What is non-rhoticity?

Answer 32

A way of speaking where the /r/ sound is not pronounced in certain positions:

Question 33

What are raised vowels?

Answer 33

When vowel sounds are pronouced in a higher tone than normal/ than other words e.g. 'trap' can sound more like 'trep'

Question 34

What is the foot-strut merger?

Answer 34

When the words 'foot' and 'strut' share the same vowel

Question 35

What is diphthongonisation?

Answer 35

When a monophthong is changed into a diphthong

Question 36

What is trilling?

Answer 36

When a rolling sound is added to certain letters; letters are extended by elongating them - rolling

Question 37

What is the London Vowel Shift?

Answer 37

When vowels are shifted in specific London accent e.g. cockey 'boy' vergers near 'boi'

Question 38

What is th-stopping?

Answer 38

A pronounciation where the 'th' diphthong in English is replaced with more of a /t/ phoneme e.g. * 'think' can sound more like -> 'tink' * 'thing' can sound more like -> 'ting'

Question 39

What is -ing omission?

Answer 39

When the suffix '-ing' is omissed and replaced commonly with just the /n/ phoneme e.g. * 'working' --> 'workin'

Question 40

Explain Goose fronting

Answer 40

* In fOOd, chOOse, dO and yOU (etc...) the tounge is placed to the front of the mouth as opposed to the centre * Your emphasising the 'OO' sound for longer when you speak

Question 41

What is Price monophthongonisation?

Answer 41

* Diphthong becomes a Monopthong (monophthongonisation) * Therefore sound becomes shorter * /I/ --> /ai/ * So it *sounds like* this: * e.g. 'I' --> 'aie' * e.g. 'Advice --> 'Advaice' * e.g. 'Like' --> 'Laike'

Question 42

What is Dh-stopping?

Answer 42

'they' --> 'dey' 'this' --> 'dis' 'that' --> 'dat'

Question 43

Whast is consonant cluster reduction?

Answer 43

When an individual simplifies a cluster of consonant sounds into a single sound or a easier combination of sound * stand near me --> 'stan near me'

Question 44

What is coupula absence?

Answer 44

Simply the absence of the coupulas **'are'** and **'is'** e.g. * oh you are nasty --> 'oh you nasty'

Question 45

What is the retroflexive 't'?

Answer 45

When uttering **/t/** phoneme, rather than the tounge being futher back in the mouth, it touches the front of the roof of the mouth, **futher forward** almost touching behind of teeth