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ALEVEL English Lang AQA > ⭐• Phonological Terminology > Flashcards

⭐• Phonological Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is this image?

A

The phonological/ phonemic alphabet (contains all graphemes used)

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2
Q

What is phonology?

A

The study of the patterns of sounds in a language and vocal aspects to language

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3
Q

What is a grapheme?

A

A written symbol, such as a letter or a group of letters, that represents a single sound, or phoneme (the phonological alphabet/ phonemic alphabet)

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4
Q

What is a phoneme?

A

any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one letter/ word from another

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5
Q

What is a monopthong?

A

When only 1 vowel makes up the phoneme/ sound

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6
Q

What is a diphthong?

A

When 2 vowel sounds make up the phoneme/ sound

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7
Q

What is a plosive?

A

Phonemes produced stopping the airflow using the lips, teeth, or palate, followed by a sudden release of air

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8
Q

What is a frickative?

A

Phonemes produced by air escaping through a small passage in the mouth - described as a ‘hissing’ sound

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9
Q

How many plosive consonants are in the english language?

A

6

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10
Q

What are all 6 plosive consonants?

A

IGNORE SECOND P

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11
Q

What plosives are bilabial (+ definiton of bilable)?

A

/P/ AND /B/ are Bilabial
* Bilabial plosives produced by lips being pressed together

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12
Q

What plosives are alveolar (+ definiton of alveolar)?

A

/T/ AND /D/ are Alveolar
* Alveolar plosives produced when tounge is pressed against alveolar ridge (area above teeth)

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13
Q

What plosives are velar (+ definiton of velar)?

A

/K/ AND /G/ are Velar
* Velar plosives produced when back of tounge pressed against area between hard palate (bottom of mouth) and soft palate (back of mouth)

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14
Q

What does it mean when a Phoneme/ sound is voiced?

A

When your vocal chords vibrate (feel neck to feel vibrations)

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15
Q

What does it mean when a Phoneme/ sound is unvoiuced?

A

When your vocal chords do not vibrate (feel neck to feel vibrations)

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16
Q

Give 2 letters that are fickactives?

A

F and V

17
Q

What 3 plosives are voiced?

A

/b/ /d/ /g/

18
Q

What 3 plosives are unvoiced?

A

/p/ /t/ /k/

19
Q

Complete the table

A
20
Q

How do you write a phonemic expression?

A

using: /_____/

21
Q

What is the phonemic/ phonological alphabet based on? (and what is the negative to this)

A

RP (therefore it is baised to only one accent)

22
Q

What is prosodics?

A

The study of how we put sounds together in connected speech

23
Q

What are 4 prosodic features?

A
  • rhythm
  • pitch
  • volume
  • intonation
24
Q

What is intonation?

A

The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.

25
Q

What is paralinguistics?

A

Study of vocal effects e.g. laughter and non-verbal aspects of communication such as eye contact, facial expressions and gestures

26
Q

What is the trap-bath split?

A

When the letter ‘a’ in certain words e.g. Bath, Can’t & Dance are prounounced with the broad ‘a’ in ‘Father’ and not the short ‘a’ in ‘Cat’

27
Q

What is a Glottal Stop?

A

When airflow is obstructed at the glottis (back of throat) and a sound is almost skipped over e.g. ‘better’ can sound more like -> ‘be’ah’ (common in Cockey accents with the letter ‘t’) or ‘harry potter’ can sound more like ‘harry pot’a’

28
Q

What is th-fronting?

A

A pronounciation where the ‘th’ diphthong in English is replaced with an ‘f’ or ‘v’ sound e.g. ‘think’ can sound more like -> ‘fink’

29
Q

What is h/g dropping?

A

When the sounds for the letters ‘h’ and ‘g’ are dropped/ not uttered in certain accents e.g. ‘hello’ can sound more like -> ‘ello’ or ‘morning’ can sound more like ‘mornin’

30
Q

What is L-vocalisation?

A

When the letter ‘L’ at the end of words can commonly sound more like vowel sounds e.g. ‘pal’ can sound more like -> ‘paw’

31
Q

What is rhoticity?

A

When the consonant ‘r’ is pronounced in all positional contexts, even those where it is normally not fully pronounced e.g. RP ‘farm’ -> Bristolian ‘faRRRm’ or ‘first’, always pronouncing r when commonly ignored

32
Q

What is non-rhoticity?

A

A way of speaking where the /r/ sound is not pronounced in certain positions:

33
Q

What are raised vowels?

A

When vowel sounds are pronouced in a higher tone than normal/ than other words e.g. ‘trap’ can sound more like ‘trep’

34
Q

What is the foot-strut merger?

A

When the words ‘foot’ and ‘strut’ share the same vowel

35
Q

What is diphthongonisation?

A

When a monophthong is changed into a diphthong

36
Q

What is trilling?

A

When a rolling sound is added to certain letters; letters are extended by elongating them - rolling

37
Q

What is the London Vowel Shift?

A

When vowels are shifted in specific London accent e.g. cockey ‘boy’ vergers near ‘boi’

ALEVEL English Lang AQA (9 decks)

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