⭐• Discourse Terminology Flashcards
What is written discourse?
Includes written works like essays, blog posts, and books
What is spoken discourse?
Shared through speech, like presentations, vlogs, and oral reports
What is a convorsational genre?
Unique structural patterns specific to the context and purpose of spoken discourse/ a conversation where different features are required
Spoken Discourse
What is ‘comment & elabouration’ as a Convorsational Genre?
- The most common genre of conversation, commonly between people that know eachother well
- Commonly informal topics
- Topics switch freely
- May not be a clear/ defined purpose of conversation
- Speakers comment on eachothers statements
- Topics spoken on briefly
- Speakers cooperation often showcased through repititon of eachothers vocabulary
Spoken Discourse
What is ‘language & action’ as a Convorsational Genre?
- Language used when people are doing something
- The language accompanies that task at hand
- Deictic expressions - understood easily due to context being action performed: no need for mentioning whats directly infront of them
- e.g. refer to what they are seeing with deictic references
- Can be more silence than a normal conversation due to occupation with action
Spoken Discourse
What are ‘service encouters’ as a Convorsational Genre?
- Principal purpose is transactional
- Therefore conversations people have a goal/ want to get things done
- Can include an offer/request for service
- Transaction will take place
- A **salutation is common **
- Deictic expressions common e.g. ‘how much does this cost’
Spoken Discourse
What are ‘learning encounters’ as a Convorsational Genre?
- Conversations that happen in a learning institution
- Main purpose is to educate and inform
- Teacher takes most turns - generic turn-taking rules do not apply
Teachers turns longer than students - generic turn-taking rules do not apply - Discourse markers e.g. ‘Now then’ or ‘Right’ used to signpost direction of conversation
- Teacher summarises what students say - reitterate in a more academic/ understandable way
- Teacher uses ‘known answer’ questions
What is a salutation?
A gesture or utterance made as a greeting or acknowledgement of another’s arrival or departure e.g
* Beginning: ‘Hi, I wonder if you could help me…’
* Ending: ‘Thank you, have a nice day’
Written Discourse
What is a ‘list/instruction’ as a discourse structure? (+examples)
- Text with logical progression through stages, use of imperative sentences (e.g. instructions) in order to instruct or guide
- Examples include: recipies
Written Discourse
What is ‘problem-solution’ as a discourse structure? (+examples)
- When a text identifes a problem and then presents a solution
- Examples include: guides or social media advertisement
Written Discourse
What is ‘question-answer’ as a discourse structure? (+examples)
- Text that articulates a quesiton or puzzle and then presents an answer or solution
- Examples include: magazine advice colums or social media question box
Written Discourse
What is ‘analysis’ as a discourse structure? (+examples)
- Text that breaks down key ideas into separate parts and evaluates and explores them individually
- **Examples include: academic articles or opinionated social media posts **
Written Discourse
What is ‘narrative’ as a discourse structure? (+examples)
- Text that details a series of events that can be chronological or non-chronological
- Examples include: novels or poetry or prose
Written Discourse
What is ‘Polemic’ as a discourse structure? (+examples)
- A text that offers a single-sided point of view, commonly strongly argued
- Examples include: newspaper opinion articles or product advertisement (convicing you to buy, one sided)
Spoken Discourse
What is transactional talk?
Language with a specific purpose - to get things done or to transmit content or information
